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PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL UNIT 
IN THE GREAT WAR 




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a CO 

08 



HISTORY OF THE 
PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL UNIT 

(BASE HOSPITAL No. 10, U. S. A.) 
IN THE GREAT WAR 










I am a soldier and now bound to France. 

King John : I. I. 

Then did Sir Knight abandon dwelling 
And out he rode a coloneling. 

Butler's "Hudibras." 



lrXoov»\ *V"<e*. 



NEW YORK 

PAUL B. HOEBER 
1921 






Copyright, 1921 
By PAUL B. HOEBER 



Published, March 1Q21 



JUL -2 '21 

Printed in the United States of America 



CI.A617634 






CONTENTS 



Page 

Organization of the Unit n 

The Unit in Active Service 31 

History of the Nursing Corps of Base Hospital No. 10, 

U. S. A 76 

Amusements 103 

The Padre and the Unit 1 26 

At British Casualty Clearing Stations 1 36 

Two Months at Casualty Station No. 61 147 

Plan of Casualty Clearing Station No. 61, B. E. F. . 152 

A Week at Casualty Clearing Station No. 32 158 

Casualty Clearing Station No. 23 165 

Mobile Hospital No. 8 .... . 172 

Detached Tour of Service of Major William J. Taylor . 1 87 
Service of Members after Detachment from Base Hospi- 
tal No. 16 . . . 190 

The Home Unit 196 

Contributors 199 

Registrar's Statistics 202 

Roster of Pennsylvania Base Hospital, No. 10. . . . 204 

The Hospital Company 207 

Supplementary Personnel 210 

Services of Officers of Base Hospital No. 10 . . . . 213 
Nursing Personnel of Base Hospital No. 10 .... 225 
Nurses of Base Hospital No. 10, U. S. A. Transferred 
During the Big Evacuation, April 4, 19 18 to April 

20, 1918 228 

Nurses Who Left the Unit by Transfer, Death, or Res- 
ignation 230 

Nurses Transferred after the Armistice 230 

5 



6 CONTENTS 

Officers and Enlisted Men who Returned with the 

the Unit 231 

Nurses who Returned with the Unit 235 

Members of Original Unit who did not Return with 

the Unit . 237 

Supplementary Personnel who Joined the Unit Sept., 

1917, who did not Return with the Unit . . . 238 
Nurses Detached from the Unit to Remain with 

the A. E. F 238 

Civilian Employes who Remained with the A. E. F. 238 
Laboratory of Base Hospital No. 10 at British General 

Hospital No. 16, Le Treport 239 

Correspondence 247 

An Index of the Unit, or Who's Who in the Officers' 

Mess 249 



ERRATA 

Page 49 — Instead of, "Canadian General Hospital No. 47," 

read, "Canadian General Hospital No. 2." 
65 — Instead of, "Colonel Charles S. Jack," 

read, "Lieutenant-Colonel Charles S. Jack." 
85 — Instead of, "Colonel Mitchell," 

read, "Lieutenant-Colonel Mitchell." 
92 — Instead of, "the Spring of 19 19," 

read, "the Spring of 1918." 
93 — Instead of, "During the Spring of 1919," 

read, "During the Spring of 1918." 
93 — Instead of, "In the Spring of 1919," 

read, "In the Spring of 1918." 
93 — Instead of, "In July, 19 19," 

read, "In July, 1918." 
94 — Instead of, "In July, 19 19," 

read, "In July, 1918." 
94 — Instead of, "In September 1919," 

read, "In September 1918." 
99 — Instead of, "In the big push of 1919," 

read, "In the big push of 1918." 
167— Instead of, "Pvt. John J. Waak," 

read, "Pvt. John J. Wack." 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia (Steel Engraving) Frontispiece 
Maj. Richard H. Harte and Maj. Matthew A. 

De Laney, Philadelphia, May, 19 17 facing p. 32 

The Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, Base Hospital 
No. 10, U. S. A., leaving Philadelphia, May 18, 

1917 facing p. 34 

Officers of Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, Base Hospital 
No. 10, U. S. A., in charge of British General 
Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., Le Treport, France — facing p. 38 
Major Richard H. Harte in his office, No. 16 General 

Hospital, B. E. F., Le Treport, France facing p. 42 

Panoramic view of the hospital area at Le Treport. . . facing p. 46 

Private Lewis D. Kendall in the operating room facing p. 48 

An English woman's impressions of the Americans 
playing football. Pen and ink sketch by Miss 

Stewart-Smith, one of the chaufferines page 53 

Miss Stewart-Smith depicts further exciting incidents 

in the American game page 54 

British officers of General Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., 
in June, 1917, at the time when the Pennsylvania 

Hospital Unit arrived facing p. $4 

The conclusions of the Americans' game as viewed by 

Miss Stewart-Smith page 55 

Distributing a convoy of surgical cases to the wards facing p. §6 
Major Newlin distributing a convoy of Medical Cases 

at British General Hospital No. 16, B. E. F facing p. 56 

The incinerators facing p. 58 

The Disinfecting Plant — Private Albert O. Johnson, 
Jr., Sergt. 1st Class, Charles W. Kendall, Jr., 
Corp. Harry B. Thompson facing p. 58 

7 



8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

A corner of the kitchen facing p. 62 

Group of matrons of the hospitals in the Le Treport 

area facing p. 64 

Captains Vaux and Mitchell and Major Taylor, Miss 
McClelland, Miss Burky, Miss Wagner, and 

Miss Murphy, in the operating room facing p. 66 

Group of officers of Pennsylvania Unit, Base Hospital 

No. 10, en route for home facing p. 72 

Lieutenant-Colonel Charles F. Mitchell, Commanding 
Officer, British General Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., 

Le Treport, France facing p. 74 

Miss Margaret A. Dunlop, Matron, No. 16 (Phila- 
delphia, U. S. A.) General Hospital, B. E. F., 

Le Treport, France, in her office facing p. 76 

Nurses of the Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, Base 
Hospital No. 10, U. S. A., at British General 
Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., Le Treport, France — facing p. 80 
Marching to the funeral of Private Kenneth B. Hay facing p. 86 

The funeral of Private Kenneth B. Hay facing p. 86 

Marching to the funeral of Miss Helen Fairchild facing p. 88 

Funeral of Miss Helen Fairchild facing p. 88 

Mount Huon Cemetery, B. E. F., Le Treport, France, facing p. 92 
The grave of Miss Helen E. Fairchild in Mount Huon 

Cemetery, B. E. F., Le Treport, France facing p. 92 

The Nurses' Concert Troupe Pennsylvania Hospital 

Unit, Base Hospital No. 10, at Le Treport facing p. 108 

The band in repose facing p. no 

The band in action facing p. 1 10 

The actors in "What Happened to Jones" facing p. 112 

Padre Jefferys facing p. 126 

Padre Hoare facing p. 128 

Funeral Service of Miss Helen Fairchild facing p. 132 

The football team of Base Hospital No. 10, U. S. A . . .facing p. 134 
A surgical ward in No. 16, General Hospital, Le 

Treport facing p. 150 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9 

German prisoners' quarters at Le Treport facing p. 160 

German prisoners of war at Le Treport facing p. 160 

Armistice Day facing p. 168 

En route for Home facing p. 168 

Mobile Unit No. 8 facing p. 172 

Entrance to British General Hospital No. 16, Le 

Treport, France facing p. 182 

Convalescent patients leaving the admission and 
discharge hut at British General Hospital 

No. 16, Le Treport facing p. 182 

Ambulance presented to the Pennsylvania Hospital 
Unit through the kindness of Mr. W. H. Kingsley 

of Philadelphia facing p. 200 

Mobile Unit No. 8, U. S. A facing p. 200 




•\\\\.\\\\S\V V VV\\\S\\\\\\\\\\\\^^ 



ORGANIZATION OF THE UNIT 



BY COLONEL RICHARD H. HARTE, M.C., U.S.A., C.M.G. 




)EFORE attempting to give an account of 
the activities of the personnel of the Hospital 
Unit, it would seem appropriate that some 
mention should be made of the general 



scheme, the origin, and the aim of these Hospital Units as 
outlined by the American Red Cross. And in order to 
make the matter more intelligible to the casual reader, a 
little review of the Red Cross history and its activities 
will be necessary. 

As is generally known, the American Red Cross was 
the outgrowth of the Geneva Convention held in 1863, 
composed of delegates from the different countries, 
which recommended that there should exist in every 
country a committee whose mission is to co-operate in 
times of war with the hospital services of the country 
by all means in its power. The Geneva Convention of 
1864-6 gave definite status to certain official, recognized 
volunteer aid societies. These societies, because of the 



11 



12 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

character of the insignia or badge adopted to dis- 
tinguish their personnel and material (a Greek red 
cross on a white ground), are universally known as 
Red Cross Societies. Since the time of the Geneva 
Convention to the beginning of the World War, such 
societies have grown in strength and have become a 
powerful and valuable asset, in some countries, to the 
medical organization of their respective armies. 

In the United States, after the Civil War and the 
bitter experience of the Spanish War, the nation at 
large recognized the difficulty of dealing with the sick 
and wounded in any great conflict or disaster, and the 
need and requirement of a thoroughly equipped Red 
Cross organization with its trained personnel. An 
attempt was made many years ago to have such an 
organization established on a permanent basis and to 
co-operate with the Government, so that it might easily 
and quickly be brought into requisition to meet any 
sudden emergency which should confront the nation 
as the result of disaster following fire, famine, flood or 
earthquake, or to respond promptly to the Govern- 
ment needs in war. The scheme as outlined was broad 
and comprehensive, and met with the approval of the 
public. Funds were collected and some appropriation 
made by the Government, but just how well the aims 
and ideals were carried out, or how judiciously the ap- 
propriated funds were expended, has been a subject of 
controversy which does not interest us at the present 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 13 

time. Various attempts were made, with the assistance 
of Congress, to strengthen the organization, to re- 
incorporate it, and to have a modification of its name 
so that it should be known as the American National Red 
Cross, with headquarters at Washington. Notwithstand- 
ing efforts to strengthen it by having the names of high 
public officials on its boards, it failed to gain the general 
confidence of the public up to the time of the advent 
of the European War, although it had done excellent 
work in aiding and assisting the country in dealing 
with various calamities which occurred from time to 
time. It was to the efforts and interest of ex-President 
Taft and a group of prominent persons in Washington, 
stimulated by the feeling that the country was gradu- 
ally drifting from month to month nearer to the whirl- 
pool of war which was engulfing the world at large, that 
the agitation for an American National Red Cross 
was renewed. 

It was not long after the invasion of Belgium, that a 
strong feeling arose that something must be done, 
and done quickly, to relieve the suffering incident to the 
great masses that were being drawn into the conflict in 
different parts of Europe. Organizations were formed 
for the purpose of procuring funds and supplies, with 
the object of alleviating and assisting both the civil 
and the military situation. Many partisan societies 
were organized whose object was to render assistance 
either to the allies or to the central powers. These 



i 4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

independent organizations proved impractical, as they 
tended to cause friction among the different interested 
governments. They also failed to enlist the support and 
sympathy of the U. S. Government, which felt, and 
rightfully so, that all assistance to the belligerents 
should pass through the definite and recognized chan- 
nels of the Red Cross. This attitude of the Government 
at once gave enormous impetus to Red Cross activities : 
membership increased rapidly, and with it large sums 
of money were soon available, donated by the charitable 
and patriotically disposed throughout the country. 
Groups of men who were leaders in their respective 
localities rallied to its ranks. With such unquestioned 
leadership and support, the Red Cross immediately 
became an organization of great power and influence 
and could not but prove a most valuable adjunct to the 
Government. The Red Cross Society was soon recognized 
as the only regular and permanent channel through 
which the public could work with any degree of assur- 
ance of despatch and protection for their personnel or 
materials. 

It would be beyond the scope of this paper to detail 
the activities of the Red Cross, which grew with leaps 
and bounds; and we confine ourselves to that small 
portion of the stage which was intimately connected 
with the organization of the Red Cross Base Hospitals. 
These were the outcome of the efforts of a number of 
far-sighted persons who realized the gravity of the 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 15 

situation confronting the country, and at the same time 
were thoroughly convinced of the inability of the Gov- 
ernment to handle it. 

The Department of Military Relief was organized, 
with Colonel Jefferson R. Kean as Director General, 
with headquarters at Washington. Through his energy 
and activity resulted the scheme for the formation of a 
number of so-called Red Cross Base Hospitals, with a 
capacity of 500 beds each, the personnel to be selected 
from the staffs of the civil hospitals of the large cities 
throughout the country. The plan, as roughly outlined, 
was for each hospital organization to raise funds for 
equipping a hospital of 500 beds; the material, etc., to 
be suitably cared for by the Government, and certain 
perishable supplies to be stored in the hospitals and 
used and replenished from time to time so that a perma- 
nent and fresh supply should always be on hand to meet 
an emergency. So-called Base Hospitals were also to 
have an organized personnel of physicians, nurses and 
orderlies, trained and ready to respond to the call for 
relief of any catastrophe which might occur. If the 
country should suddenly be involved in war, here 
would be organized, trained and equipped units which 
would be immediately at the service of the nation. 
Similar hospital units of about one half this size, were 
planned for the Navy. 

In order to give the immediate friends of Base Hospi- 
tal No. 10 an intelligent idea of its organization, it will 



16 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

be necessary to digress and to consider many things 
of purely local interest. There were many factors which 
influenced its inception and gave those who were 
interested in it an insight as to its possibilities. Among 
these was a request from the British Government — 
probably suggested by Sir William Osier, Hon. Robert 
Bacon and Sir Berkley Moynihan — to form and or- 
ganize the personnel for a hospital of 1040 beds, the 
Imperial Government to supply all the material. This 
was considered seriously by a group of men associated 
with the Pennsylvania Hospital, and steps were in 
progress to select the medical personnel, when a cable- 
gram was received by the writer not to make any further 
efforts in this direction. 1 

About the same time a similar unit was organized in 
Boston under the support of Harvard University and 
the direct command of Dr. Cabot, which subsequently 
did excellent work at Etaples, near Boulogne. This 
Boston unit sailed about December, 19 15, although, 
as stated above, the Pennsylvania unit was instructed 
by cable an July, 19 15, not to proceed with its organiza- 
tion. Shortly after this the writer sailed for France, via 
London, arriving in Paris early in January, 1916. There 
he immediately went on duty in the American Ambu- 

1 In this connection it is of interest to recall that when the project of this unit 
was under consideration, the British authorities showed their punctiliousness re- 
garding international covenants by the statement that in Article XI of the 
Geneva Convention of 1906, the consent of the enemy would have to be secured 
before such an organization could be utilized, even for this strictly humanitarian 
work. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 17 

lance, which was being reorganized by Dr. James P. 
Hutchinson who did such magnificent work during the 
later years of the war. In the American Ambulance were 
many severely wounded, and one was thoroughly 
impressed with the inadequate facilities which we pos- 
sessed at home for the care and treatment of the sick 
and wounded, should we be drawn into the conflict. 

During the writer's six months' absence in France, an 
effort had been made in Philadelphia to re-organize and 
extend the Red Cross, and on his return he found himself 
elected chairman of the executive committee at a 
meeting at which Mr. Taft presided. This committee as 
formed was composed of a large number of persons with 
German sympathies, so that there existed a lack of 
harmony and co-operation, which was in marked con- 
trast with similar Red Cross organizations in other 
cities. 

There were also in Philadelphia two other large and 
influential local movements on foot — the Pennsylvania 
Committee for National Preparedness, of which Mrs. 
George W. Childs Drexel was chairman; and the Emer- 
gency Aid Committee, which was doing much relief 
work especially for France and Belgium. AH three of 
these organizations were attempting to do Red Cross 
work, with many of the most active workers belonging 
to two or all of the respective organizations/! 

In July Colonel Kean visited Philadelphia and laid 
before the Red Cross the scheme for the so-called Red 



18 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Cross Base Hospitals, the personnel of which was to be 
drawn from some of our city hospitals. The plan as 
outlined was submitted to the Managers of the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital who immediately responded, and 
offered every facility to further the development of the 
scheme by generously offering the new organization 
their support and cooperation, which afterwards proved 
such a valuable asset when the question arose as to the 
raising of funds for necessary equipment. This prompt 
action on the part of the management of the Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital had an undoubted influence upon the 
Committee of National Preparedness, of which Mrs. 
Drexel was president; and it was through her foresight- 
edness and patriotism that her Committee generously 
placed in the hands of the Director $25,000. to be 
expended on necessary equipment for the proposed 
Base Hospital. 

This placed the organization, which was to be known 
as Pennsylvania Base Hospital No. 10, in a position to 
realize the importance of its obligation in procuring both 
the personnel and material, and at the same time 
prompted those in the Surgeon General's Office in 
Washington to give their support and encouragement 
towards establishing other Base Hospital units in 
Philadelphia, along the lines previously suggested by 
the U. S. Government acting through the Red Cross. 
No one who has not been actively engaged in Red Cross 
hospital organization can realize the impetus and 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 19 

stimulation that this first contribution from the Com- 
mittee on National Preparedness, gave to Base Hos- 
pital No. 10. 

Immediately the entire Committee on National Pre- 
paredness began to take a personal interest in its future 
success, and interested others to make further liberal con- 
tributions towards equipment, as it was found that the 
amount of $25,000 as originally specified by the Govern- 
ment was inadequate and that almost double that 
amount was required. With such working capital the 
director was able to make many advantageous pur- 
chases of permanent supplies that could not be dupli- 
cated after the opening of hostilities except at a great 
advance in price. In this connection, a word should be 
said in appreciation of the valuable aid and assistance 
rendered by Colonel, now General, Radford, U. S. 
M. C, stationed at Broad Street and Washington 
Avenue. Through his unusual experience and judg- 
ment, most generously given at all times, we were 
able to avail ourselves of advantages in the purchasing 
of materials, not only for Base Hospital No. 10, but also 
for Base Hospital No. 34, which was connected with the 
Episcopal Hospital in Philadelphia. 

While this process of organization was slowly pro- 
gressing, at the end of 19 16, a small expeditionary 
force was sent into Mexico under General Pershing. 
In addition to this there was also a large military 
force patrolling the Rio Grande, collected from the 



20 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

National Guards of our several states. In this large 
and not over-disciplined body of troops, whose idea of 
sanitation was far from the best, several epidemics, 
especially measles, broke out, followed by pneumonia 
with high mortality, which was incident to the great 
altitude and general surroundings. The public press 
began to criticize the hospitals and sanitary conditions 
existing on the border. The National Red Cross in 
Washington soon became keenly alive to the situation, 
and were anxious to obtain information first-hand as 
to actual facts. 

In order to give the public a practical idea of what a 
Base Hospital was, a trial mobilization was suggested 
to the Red Cross, stimulated by the epidemic of 
poliomyelitis which caused so much distress in the 
East. At the meeting of the National Committee on 
Red Cross Medical Service, held June 15, 19 16, it was 
decided to make a demonstration mobilization of one 
of the units, and Base Hospital No. 4 (Western Reserve) 
was selected to supply the personnel, while one of the 
New York units was to supply the equipment. The 
mobilization was held in Fairmount Park, October 28, 
1 916, army tenting belonging to the U. S. Medical 
Department having been supplied for the purpose, 
and erected by a detachment of regulars. This tem- 
porary encampment, whose object was to demonstrate 
that the organization existing on paper was a practical 
and serviceable one, was visited by many, including 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 21 

General Wood, and on the whole aroused much en- 
thusiasm. On the same day, in the afternoon, a meeting 
was held at the Hotel Bellevue at which many problems 
relative to the units, noticeably the best type of port- 
able building, were discussed by army officers, Red 
Cross representatives and other interested persons. 
At this meeting a committee was selected consisting of 
Major Patterson of the Army, Commander Richard- 
son of the Navy, and Dr. Sidney R. Burnap of New 
York and the writer, and requested to visit and inspect 
all hospitals along the border and to report to Washing- 
ton as soon as possible. 

As the task imposed was considerable, it was decided 
to divide the committee in order to economize in time 
and expense, — two members visiting one portion of the 
border, and two the other. The writer with Com- 
mander, now Captain, Richards visited and inspected 
the military hospitals situated at EI Paso, Deming 
(Eagle Pass), San Antonio, etc. This inspection was 
most fruitful and instructive to the committee, and 
much was seen to be avoided should the U. S. be drawn 
into hostilities, which then seemed inevitable as the 
country was rapidly drifting in that direction. Probably 
the most glaring defects observed in hospital manage- 
ment were the small number of female trained nurses, 
and the rather primitive methods of sanitation with 
the inevitable results. Thanks to typhoid prophylaxis 
and care in the water supply, there was no repetition 



22 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

of the disastrous Spanish War experience. Much was 
seen to be commended also; and the experience obtained 
was most valuable and was appreciated by the Red Cross 
authorities in Washington. 

After this inspection on the Mexican border, frequent 
meetings of the medical personnel of Base Hospital No. 
10 were held relative to equipment and organization. 

Miss Dunlop, the Directress of Nurses at the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, was unanimously selected to be in 
charge of the nursing department. By this selection 
the Unit was most fortunate, as Miss Dunlop relied not 
only upon her own civil experience, but had the addi- 
tional military and war experience gained while she was 
in charge of the American Ambulance at Neuilly, where 
she went to re-organize the nursing situation in that 
institution, and where she had a wonderful opportunity 
to become familiar with the war problems, and incident- 
ally to become acquainted with many of the finer 
touches of the French character which could only be 
acquired in a large hospital filled with wounded soldiers. 

As soon as Miss Dunlop assumed the responsibility 
of organizing the nursing department, a large group of 
nurses who had trained and served in the Pennsylvania 
Hospital, mostly under her instruction, immediately 
volunteered for service in the Unit, became enrolled, 
and held themselves in readiness for duty. This group 
included young women of matured judgment and ex- 
perience, many of whom were holding positions of great 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 23 

responsibility in other hospitals outside of Philadelphia. 
It can readily be seen how fortunate we were in securing 
such an earnest, skilful and conscientious group of 
women, keenly alive to their work and to the interest 
and welfare of the patients who might be entrusted to 
their care. Their ability, enthusiasm and devotion won 
the confidence and respect of the matron in chief and 
the higher military officials of the British Expeditionary 
Force in the part of France where the unit was quartered. 
In connection with the graduate nurses, there were 
enlisted and interested an enthusiastic group of young 
women who had received instruction in the wards of the 
Hospital preparatory to acting in the capacity of 
nursing aids, corresponding to the V. A. D. of the Eng- 
lish, an organization which did such magnificent work in 
all the English hospitals where they were attached. 
Later the Government decided not to permit this parti- 
cular group of young women to accompany the Unit 
abroad. This caused much disappointment. Had our 
young women been permitted to accompany our Base 
Hospital units, their records for efficiency would un- 
doubtedly have equalled those of their English cousins. 
Being deprived of the privilege of going to France, 
many of them started immediately, under the direc- 
tion of Mrs. J. Curtis Patterson, to prepare surgical 
supplies and dressings after the patterns furnished by 
the Pennsylvania Hospital, so that the Hospital in 
France was kept well supplied with splendidly made 



24 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

dressings, such as we had been in the habit of working 
with at the Pennsylvania Hospital. Too much credit 
cannot be given to the efforts of these young women at 
home, who despatched with marked regularity the 
surgical dressings which were so eagerly sought for at 
No. 1 6 General Hospital (Base Hospital No. 10). 

In addition to the nursing personnel we enlisted the 
services of Miss Bettman, a skilled dietitian, who 
came under the same category as the nurses, and who 
rendered valuable service in France, especially in the 
preparation of a large portion of the special diet for the 
group of cases of dysentery that were constantly 
coming to the isolation department of our hospital, 
which cared for all the contagion of that area. We were 
also fortunate in having the services of Mrs. Edward B. 
Krumbhaar as a laboratory technician, who was 
granted permission, by the Secretary of State, to accom- 
pany her husband Capt. Krumbhaar, the pathologist. 

A large number of students from the University of 
Pennsylvania and Haverford College presented them- 
selves for enrollment. Thus a high order of intelligence 
was represented in the enlisted personnel, so that when 
we went on active duty in France, we found men with 
college educations often doing the most disagreeable 
work about the hospital with a thoroughness and care 
which made for the proper sanitation of the area and 
the general health of the patients and men entrusted 
to our care. As the result, we had the pleasure of seeing 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 25 

many of our N. C. O's. gradually securing commis- 
sions in different branches of the service for which they 
were particularly fitted, and in which they did such 
signal service to their country in different parts of 
France. Among these men was much latent dramatic 
talent, which with a little training soon developed 
groups that played an important part in entertaining 
and amusing the patients and others in the area. It 
was also a notable fact that the non-commissioned 
officers who were recruited from our personnel assumed 
responsibility, accepted suggestions, and became in- 
terested in the various problems which confronted 
them, in a way vastly superior to the non-commissioned 
officers who were assigned to the unit and who had seen 
service with the army before the opening of hostilities. 

The medical personnel of the Unit represented a 
much smaller number, in all twenty-three. They were 
selected almost entirely from the staff of the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, were keenly alive to its interests 
and traditions, and ever ready to devote all their 
energies to the work in hand. 

In this connection it is interesting to know that the 
Pennsylvania Hospital was the first hospital in Penn- 
sylvania selected for the formation of a Base Hospital 
unit; and justly so, particularly when we review the 
work that had been done in the wards of that time- 
honored institution — the oldest hospital in America — 
during the past one hundred and seventy years. It has 



26 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

cared for the sick and wounded of all the wars in which 
the country has been involved, including the Colonial 
wars with the French and Indians, the War of the 
Revolution, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the 
War of the Rebellion, the Spanish War, and lastly 
the Great World War. 

From the hospital's earliest inception in 1751, when 
Benjamin Franklin was the first secretary of the Board 
of Managers, he wisely infused into the management an 
atmosphere of broad liberality, generosity and pro- 
gressiveness, which has permanently influenced every 
person who has been associated with the hospital to 
the present time. This atmosphere has been respon- 
sible in a great measure for the signal work that has 
been done in its wards for the relief of suffering human- 
ity and for the advance of medical science. At the call 
to the flag in 19 17, the same enterprising and liberal 
spirit that responded one hundred and seventy years 
before presented itself again. Tradition has always 
been a marvelous incentive, no matter whether the 
tradition belongs to an individual or to a nation, and 
is and always has been a factor for much good in 
strengthening the moral and mental fiber of individuals 
as nothing else will do. 

It was the traditions and atmosphere of the Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital which so wonderfully assisted and stimu- 
lated the work of the Unit after they took over the wards 
of No. 16 General Hospital, one of the best equipped 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 27 

hospitals which the English had in France, and which 
they generously turned over to our management with- 
out any restrictions, furnishing us with all material 
required for its operation. In addition to this, there was 
an intimate knowledge of each other, of their capabilities 
and limitations, among the personnel, which made a 
combination in which it was possible to work together 
to achieve the best results. Many had been abroad 
and had served in the work of the American Ambu- 
lance, and while there had obtained much valuable 
information, not only in the Ambulance but in all the 
large hospitals of Paris, which were teeming with 
every conceivable form of military surgery of the most 
complicated and trying nature. 

I would be very remiss if I failed to emphasize the 
importance of the Chaplain in the hospital organization. 
The Unit was most fortunate in obtaining the service 
of Dr. Edward M. Jefferys, rector of St. Peter's Church 
in Philadelphia, who, upon joining us, immediately 
threw himself body and soul into the work with which 
he was confronted, and was untiring in his efforts to 
assist and help the members of the Unit at all times 
and under all conditions, as well as the sick and wounded, 
to whom he brought much cheer and comfort. He was 
always ready to minister to the slightest need or desire, 
and will ever be remembered by the patients in the 
wards and the men in the barracks, as their truest friend 
and counsellor. In the officers' mess he was beloved and 



28 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

respected by all. He was an enormous factor in relieving 
the enlisted men of the monotony incident to their con- 
tinued duties by his Friday night parties held in one of 
the dining huts. On these occasions, he was assisted by 
several of the nurses, who served light refreshments, 
while the men were entertained by speeches, recitations, 
music, etc. 

The Unit was fortunate in having assigned to it as 
executive officer Major M. A. DeLaney, of the regular 
Army, an officer of large experience and tact, having 
served in the Philippines, Hawaii, and later in charge 
of a large hospital on the Mexican border. Personally 
acquainted with many members of the Unit, and with 
a large military experience, he was of invaluable assist- 
ance in organizing and placing the Unit on a thorough 
working basis. When we were finally assigned to the 
British Expeditionary Force and later transferred to 
our command, 16 General Hospital, at Le Treport, 
France, Major DeLaney as executive head administered 
the duties and carried on the work of the hospital in a 
way most satisfactory in every detail to the English 
Government, until he was ordered to London as Iiason 
officer. His selection was most fortunate, as the office 
required a person of large experience, judgment and 
tact to meet and deal with many of the complicated 
problems which arose daily. In appreciation of his valu- 
able service, the British Government conferred on him 
the order of Companion of St. Michael and St. George. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 29 

The other two officers of the regular army attached 
to the Unit were Captain McDiarmid, Medical Corps, 
and Captain Kidwell, Quartermaster Corps. 

Captain McDiarmid assumed the duties of Adjutant. 
Shortly after we were assigned to 16 General Hospital 
at Treport he was ordered to headquarters at Tours, 
in the Department of Medical Supplies. 

Captain Kidwell as our quartermaster took charge 
of all the Unit's effects and delivered everything in 
shape at Le Treport, where he immediately co-operated 
with Captain Kinsella, the British Quartermaster in 
charge of 16 General Hospital. Unfortunately we soon 
lost the service of Captain Kidwell, as he was ordered 
to duty with the A. E. F. at headquarters. 

I would feel remiss if I failed to take this opportunity 
to express my thanks and unbounded gratitude to all 
the members of the Unit — the officers, nurses, and 
enlisted personnel — for their magnificent loyalty and 
devotion to duty under most trying conditions; at 
all times, both day and night, through rain and snow, 
they vied with one another in trying to make the work 
of the Unit conspicuous for efficiency. So much so, 
that we have the satisfaction of knowing that our work 
was deeply appreciated by our allies, the British, 
with whom we worked, and under whose direct orders 
we served and without whose cooperation our prob- 
lems would have been most difficult. 

It is particularly gratifying to be able to state that 



3 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

at no time was there any friction between our Unit 
and their British allies. There was only the splendid 
spirit of generosity, patient determination, suffering 
without complaint, and the willingness to concede 
anything for what is right that is so characteristic 
of the English-speaking race. I believe every effort 
should be made to keep united all who speak the mother 
tongue. If that be possible (and it should be) then we 
will hold together a vast group whose ideals and in- 
terests are similar, whose words and thoughts are the 
same, and who look at the world through the same 
glasses. If this unity of ideals can be fostered and no 
jealousies permitted to creep in causing dissension, 
there will be an English-speaking race strong through- 
out the world, standing for what is true and right, which 
will prove an unconquerable factor in maintaining 
the peace of the world. 



THE UNIT IN ACTIVE SERVICE 

THE few weeks which were passed in Phila- 
delphia before the Unit left were filled with 
curious sensations and experiences for its mem- 
bers. Through the newspapers the public had been 
made aware of the fact that the Unit had been ordered 
into active service and of its imminent departure 
over seas. It was a trying time for all, as the exact 
date on which it was to start had not been made known 
and consequently leave takings were uncertain. 

Much of the time was consumed in getting the neces- 
sary personal equipment, and many of the officers 
and men were occupied with making up the rolls and 
attending to the arrangements for the packing and 
transportation of the equipment. All the latter, in- 
cluding the personal luggage of the officers and men, 
was temporarily placed in the parish house of Calvary 
Presbyterian Church, from which it was taken to the 
train at the appropriate time. Major Harte's office at 
1503 Spruce Street was the temporary headquarters 
at which the rolls and other records were compiled and 
from which all orders emanated. In it Major Delaney, 
Captain MacDiarmid and Captain Kidwell were in- 
stalled after their arrival. The office of Dr. George W. 

31 



32 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Norris at 1520 Locust Street was used as the recruiting 
bureau and in it applicants for enlistment underwent 
their physical examinations and, if accepted, were 
mustered in. Lieutenant Colonel Henry C. Page, 
Medical Corps, U. S. Army, had supervision over this 
important work, and all the officers and men were 
examined and mustered in under his inspection. Some 
drilling was given the men in the Armory of the First 
City Troop, by Captain MacDiarmid, assisted by some 
of the Unit's officers who had had previous military 
experience. 

On May 7, the managers and ex-residents of the 
Pennsylvania Hospital gave a farewell dinner to the 
officers of the Unit at the Bellevue Stratford Hotel. 
Dr. George S. Crampton, who subsequently saw much 
service in the A. E. F. in France, presented to each 
officer a silver identification tag bearing the Hospital 
seal on one side and the officer's name on the other. 
Gold replicas of these tags were subsequently made and 
presented by the managers and the officers of the 
Reserve Unit to the wives of the officers who went 
overseas. 

On Wednesday, May 16, definite orders were received 
that the Unit would leave Philadelphia on Friday, May 
18, and then all realized that the time which had seemed 
to be so far ahead at times during the last few weeks 
was at last really in sight and the last forty-eight hours 
passed with what seemed incredible swiftness. 




Maj. Richard H. Harte and Maj. Matthew A. DeLaney, 
Philadelphia, May, 191 7. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 33 

LEAVING PHILADELPHIA 

May 18 dawned bright and clear, a lovely spring day. 
The men were assembled at the Parish House of Calvary 
Church and from thence marched out to the freight 
depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad in West Phila- 
delphia. Although but few in numbers the men made an 
inspiring picture as led by a few officers without any 
band or other spectacular accompaniment they marched 
out, the first organized body of United States soldiers to 
leave Philadelphia for service "over there." Many 
eyes moistened and hearts throbbed as spectators along 
the street realized the full import of what they were 
witnessing. Although but raw recruits, the men, in- 
spired by pride of the service they were on, marched 
well, and their fine appearance elicited many favorable 
comments. At the station the officers who had not 
marched with the men, and the nurses, were all assembled, 
and when the signal was given for the train to start 
there was not one straggler from the ranks. 

Aside from a number of relatives and friends who 
had gathered to bid Godspeed to those they loved there 
were but few persons at the station, and the absence of 
a curious crowd added to the solemnity and gave a 
peculiar dignity to the occasion. With military prompti- 
tude the train puJIed out at 10 a. m. and the long jour- 
ney had begun. 

As the train whirled rapidly along the familiar route 
to New York, many were the emotions which surged in 



34 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

our hearts as we reflected on what might be the length 
of time and the experiences to be passed through before 
wc should see them again. But the thoughts of the 
majority must have reverted to those who were obliged 
to remain behind to wonder and worry at what was to 
befall those who had left them, unbuoyed by the 
excitement and spirit of adventure which naturally 
occupied a large space in the minds of those whose good 
fortune had opened a way for them to participate in the 
great adventure. 

EMBARKATION 

On arriving at Jersey City an ample lunch was found 
awaiting us at the restaurant in the railroad station, 
after eating which the Unit marched aboard a ferry- 
boat and was conveyed by it across the river to the dock 
at which lay the St. Paul, the steamer which was to 
carry it over the Atlantic. The remainder of the after- 
noon was occupied in settling down in our quarters 
and getting our possessions stowed away. In the evening 
many of the Unit went ashore, but, be it spoken to its 
credit, not a single man failed to respond at roll-call at 
six the next morning. 

After our arrival in New York, and before sailing, the 
nurses all received from the Red Cross the dark blue 
uniforms which they were to wear, and their civilian 
garments were sent back. It is needless to add that much 
refitting, taking in, and letting out, were necessary before 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 35 

the new clothing was suitably adapted to all the variety 
of figures it was required to fit. 

In addition to the Pennsylvania Hospital Unit the 
St. Paul had on board the St. Louis Unit No. 21, under 
Dr. Frederick Murphy, and a unit of orthopedic sur- 
geons accompanied by Dr. Joel Goldthwaite. There were 
a few civilian passengers, among them Dr. Thomas W. 
Salmon, who was on his way over to study the methods 
employed by the psychiatric departments of the Allied 
Armies, a study which he later applied to such good 
purpose, when he was chief of the neurological service 
of the A. E. F. 

Saturday, May 19, 191 7, at 12 noon, the St. Paul cast 
off, and passed out into the Ambrose Channel, dropping 
anchor for a few hours in order that the gun crew, con- 
sisting of a lieutenant and a detachment of blue- 
jackets of the U. S. Navy, might adjust the sights of the 
guns mounted on the decks for defence against possible 
submarine attacks. 

At the time of sailing submarines were the most 
obvious danger to be encountered on the voyage and 
many kind friends had sent various especially recom- 
mended kinds of life-belts or life-saving suits to in- 
dividual members of the Unit. The St. Paul mounted 
several six-pounders and four four-pounders, and the 
little group of sailors looked very business like as they 
adjusted the sights and worked around their grim 
weapons. Throughout the voyage a most vigilant 



36 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

watch was maintained from various parts of the ship. 
Although on one occasion a periscope was supposed to 
have been sighted nothing more was seen of the dreaded 
pirates. 

On Sunday the Unit was assembled for divine 
service in the dining saloon, its chaplain officiating. 
In the midst of the service our guns were fired, without, 
however, disturbing either the chaplain or his congrega- 
tion. On going on deck we learned that the crew was 
indulging in gun practice. It was perhaps fortunate 
that the greater part of the passengers were below at 
this time for we learned subsequently that during 
similar practice on board the S. S. Mongolia which 
sailed from New York at the same time with the St. 
Paul, two nurses of the Chicago Unit, who were on the 
deck near the guns, were struck and instantly killed 
by pieces of metal which were thrown back by the 
discharge. 

The trip afforded an excellent opportunity for the 
members of the Unit to become acquainted with one 
another. Aside from setting-up exercises and some 
rather desultory efforts at drilling there was but little 
to occupy the hours on ship-board, so that the medi- 
cal officers sought to beguile the tedium by inoculating 
the members of the Unit with the antityphoid and 
paratyphoid sera, thereby getting over that disagree- 
able but highly useful performance when it would not 
interfere with other duties or pleasures. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 37 

On Saturday, May 26, at about 9 a. m., a destroyer 
was sighted and the excitement and joy of all on 
board may be imagined when we discovered that she 
was flying the United States flag, that she had put out 
from an English or Irish port, and realized the signifi- 
cant fact that the ships of our country's navy were 
already actively cooperating with the Allied fleets. 
The destroyer which met us bore the number 59, and 
as she came near we greeted her with cheers, to which 
her crew gave a hearty response. A short time later a 
sister destroyer likewise came near and for some hours 
they ran along with us, crossing our bows and dashing 
back around our stern, like porpoises. Late in the 
afternoon they left us and we were taken in charge by 
British torpedo-boat destroyers in their stead. At 8 
p. m. we sighted Bull Light and soon entered the Irish 
Sea. All this day and the next as we approached the 
coast we were much impressed by the number of 
destroyers and mine sweepers which we passed busily 
engaged in their protective labors. 

ARRIVAL AT LIVERPOOL 

On Sunday, May 27, we entered the Mersey and 
at 6.15 p. m. we arrived at the dock at Liverpool. 
It was too late to land and so we remained on board. 
The evening was misty with a light rain and we were 
all much interested in the enormous quantity of ship- 
ping in the port and in the absence of [lights in the city 



38 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

and its neighborhood, not having yet become familiar 
with the darkness which prevailed in all the cities of 
England and France as a precautionary measure. 

At 7.30 a.m. on Monday, May 28, the Unit was 
debarked, a process carried out with remarkable celerity 
owing largely to the absence of any customs or other 
formalities. Once ashore the enlisted personnel and a 
few of the officers, marched off to Blackpool where they 
were to be quartered until sent to France. The majority 
of the officers were quartered at the Northwestern 
Hotel and the nurses at the Adelphi. 

The arrangements for the Unit's accommodation had 
all been made before its arrival. Several British officers 
were on the pier and attended to the details with 
such despatch that within a few hours all were com- 
fortably provided for. Colonel Begbie, who had chief 
charge of this matter, was to be with us later. 

The separation at Liverpool was the first that the 
Unit experienced, and it will be necessary to follow the 
fortunes of the two groups separately until their reunion 
in France. 

Captain McDiarmid and Lieutenants Vaux, Dillard, 
Cadwalader, Earnshaw and Flick were detached and 
sent to Blackpool. When the baggage had been taken 
off the steamer and loaded on lorries by the details 
assigned to that work, the men were lined up and 
marched off the pier. As the day was Whit-Monday, a 
bank holiday, the streets were crowded and the people 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 39 

gazed curiously at the sight of our men as, headed by 
the Stars and Stripes and the Red Cross ensign, they 
marched through the streets of the city to the train 
which was to take them to Blackpool. They were ac- 
companied on the trip, which lasted about two hours, by 
the General Manager of the London and Northwestern 
R. R. and Mr. Baker, the representative of the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. in Liverpool, who took the kindest interest 
in arranging for the comfort of the men on the way. 

AT BLACKPOOL 

Blackpool reminded us very forcibly of Atlantic 
City. It had been a popular seaside resort, but was now 
occupied as the General Headquarters of the Royal 
Army Medical Corps and over 20,000 men were camped 
there in training for service in the Medical Corps. 
Never shall we forget the welcome we received as we 
detrained. As the detachment marched from the station 
into the street a military band played the "Star 
Spangled Banner" and "God Save the King." The 
streets were crowded with people, all cheering and 
anxious to show their appreciation of this early visible 
evidence that the United States had entered the war. 
The first remark of the English officer assigned to 
meet us was : " It's jolly good of you Americans to come 
all this way to help us. Now what can I do to help 
you?" This continued to be the attitude of the British 
towards us during the whole of our long stay with them. 



4 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Our men were billeted in private houses and the 
officers quartered in a hotel and small inn. The British, 
officers in charge of the billeting were most energetic 
and thoughtful in their efforts to get everyone com- 
fortably quartered. They personally saw to it that the 
rooms were comfortable and luggage promptly sent to 
them. We were given printed copies of the rules and 
orders to be observed by us during our stay at Black- 
pool. Our enlisted men met their new situation with 
the same splendid equipoise which they manifested 
throughout their subsequent experiences. Some of the 
officers going out from their quarters to those where 
the men had been put found the neighborhood sur- 
rounded by a dense throng full of excitement at the 
spectacle of a baseball game which our personnel were 
busily staging. They made themselves very popular 
with their neighbors and hosts while they were in 
quarters at Blackpool, and made a most favorable 
impression on the British officers and men stationed in 
the huge camp there. 

The detachment remained at Blackpool twelve 
days, during which time its members were given in- 
struction in gas and the use of gas masks and in litter 
drill. Many amusements and entertainments were 
provided for them. Colonel and Mrs. Nash extended 
much hospitality to them. Several games of baseball 
were played between teams made up from St. Louis 
Base Hospital No. 21 and the Pennsylvania Hospital 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 41 

men, much to the amusement of the thousands of 
Englishmen in the R. A. M. C. camp. Mr. J. J. Jackett, 
famous all- England football player, and Mrs. Jackett 
were particularly kind to our men. Mrs. Jackett 
presented the Unit with a champion English bulldog, 
rejoicing in the name of Rosie, as a mascot. Unfor- 
tunately army orders did not permit the Unit to take 
Rosie with them to France, so that she had to be left 
behind on its departure. 

Finally one morning the officers were summoned to 
Headquarters where they were presented by Colonel 
Nash to Colonel Thurston, R. A. M. C. who informed 
them that as commanding officer of British General 
Hospital No. 16 at Le Treport, France, he had been sent 
to escort them there and that the Unit was destined to 
replace the British unit which had heretofore been in 
charge of that Hospital. 

The following day General Keogh held an inspection 
for the entire camp at which we were ordered to be 
present. He called the officers together, thanked them 
and the men for what they had already done toward 
helping England's cause and wished them good luck 
and best success in their work in France. The following 
day we left as a draft for some Channel port, our 
luggage having been loaded in the afternoon of the day 
before. The train pulled out of the station at 11 p. m. ; 
the first stop was Oxford, where we arrived a few 
minutes after six the next morning. As the men had 



42 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

been crowded very closely all night they were given 
twenty minutes lay-over here and were allowed to get 
a cup of coffee in the nearby restaurant. Our final 
destination was Southampton, where we arrived at 
8.30. We ran directly on to the docks and were not 
allowed to leave them all day. 

The sun was hot, and the dock as hot as only docks 
can be; the heat was intense and made one think of 
Kipling's line: "And the heat would make your bloom- 
ing eyebrows crawl." All day long other trains loaded 
with troops arrived. There were a number of boats 
lined up on both sides of the dock, but we were not told 
on which we were to sail until 4.30 that afternoon. AH 
our baggage and hospital supplies, which had been 
unloaded from the train, now had to be loaded on the 
ship. Finally at 6.30 all was in readiness, the ship loaded 
and awaiting her orders. As an item of interest this 
steamer was the Northwestern Miller, which in peace 
times ran between Philadelphia and London with 
freight. She had on her as a cargo 1800 men, 750 horses 
and mules, and the rest of her hold was filled with high 
explosives. We sailed at 7 p. m., five other ships similarly 
packed with troops leaving with us. 

IN LONDON 

On Tuesday, June 6, the nurses and officers, except 
those who had been sent with the men to Blackpool, 
went by train to London, where they were met at the 




Major Richard H. Harte in his office, No. 16 General Hospital, 
B. E. F., Le Treport. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 43 

station by large char-a-bancs and in them conveyed to 
hotels, the officers to the Curzon, the nurses to the 
Waldorf, in which they were to be quartered until their 
departure for France. 

The succeeding days were passed in a pleasant suc- 
cession of visits to war hospitals, or places of historic 
interest in London or its immediate vicinity, and in 
attendance at theatrical performances. The members 
of the Unit were invited to attend a service at St. 
Paul's on the occasion of the presentation of the flag of 
the American Legion of the Canadian Army, and also 
on Empire Day. Many of them also were privileged 
to be present at an open air investure by the King at 
Hyde Park. 

In the hospitals and streets of London we first became 
familiar with the peculiar garb worn by all convalescent 
or walking patients in British Military hospitals. This 
was a short coat with long trousers of blue material some- 
what like denim, with a white lining inside the low 
rolling collars, cuffs and trouser ends. A red necktie 
completed the costume. These suits were most practical 
garments and their usefulness cannot be too highly 
commended. They do away with the sloppy appearance 
which inevitably comes to all patients who have only 
their ordinary uniforms or clothes to wear, which are 
generally very much dilapidated when they enter the 
hospital. It enables recognition of a patient as such 
immediately, thence lessening his chance of getting out 



44 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

of bounds, a thing of great importance in a camp hospi- 
tal. Also under British regulations men in "blues" are 
not required to salute and are exempt from other 
military requirements, and it is against the law to sell 
them liquor. 

In England also the Unit first saw in the hospitals the 
Women's Voluntary Aid Detachment or, as they are 
universally known, the V. A. D/s, at their labors, and 
most arduous they were. Women of all classes could be 
seen doing the most menial work about the hospital, 
as well as driving ambulances and acting as assistants 
to the nurses and staff. There also they learned the 
British custom of calling all nurses "sister," one which 
was quickly adopted by the Americans serving with 
the British. 

Mrs. Whitelaw Reid and other American ladies busied 
themselves with procuring certain comforts and neces- 
saries with which our nurses were not provided, as well as 
with entertaining them. 

CROSSING THE CHANNEL 

On Saturday, June 28, under the guidance of Colonel 
Frank M. Begbie, the officers and nurses who were in 
London were taken by train to Southampton. It was a 
perfect spring day and the English country through 
which the train bore us never looked more smiling 
and beautiful. Arriving at Southampton we were 
embarked on a hospital ship, formerly one of the Castle 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 45 

Line of steamers, and caught a glimpse while doing so of 
our officers and men from Liverpool getting aboard the 
steamer which was to take them over. The trip across 
the Channel was full of interest. Few members of the 
Unit had ever been aboard a hospital ship and we were 
greatly interested in inspecting the admirable arrange- 
ments for the comfort and care of the sick which it 
presented, including a well-equipped emergency operat- 
ion room, comfortable swinging beds, and the most im- 
maculate cleanliness. 

Passing out of the harbor of Southampton we saw the 
great Netley Military hospital, and an aggregation of 
shipping of every kind and description, from fishing 
smacks to gigantic dreadnaughts. Our ship was escorted 
by destroyers, of which there seemed an innumerable 
number dashing about in all directions. 

ARRIVAL IN FRANCE 

The next morning, June 29, we dropped anchor about 
4 a. m. in the port of Havre, and gazed on the subse- 
quently familiar sights of a French port. We were 
requested to get ourselves and our things off the 
boat as early as possible as some trainloads of wounded 
were expected who were to be placed on board our 
boat for its return trip. We complied with this request 
with alacrity and were soon assembled on the dock with 
all our luggage. We then learned that no arrangements 
had yet been made for our accommodation so that we 



46 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

remained there until about 4 p. m. None of us regretted 
the long wait, however, as during it we saw many 
novel and interesting sights. First, two hospital trains 
arrived bearing wounded, who were placed on the hospi- 
tal ship which we had vacated. A few German prisoners 
were placed aboard with them. 

The process of transference from the train to the ship 
was carried out with greatest care, and yet with the ut- 
most rapidity. It took but a few hours to accomplish 
the entire business. Shortly afterwards a big steamer 
crawled slowly in, with a most tremendous list, and 
looking to be in immediate danger of sinking. She had 
been struck by a torpedo near the bow and barely made 
the dock under her own steam. Shortly after, the ship 
bearing our officers and men who had been quartered 
at Blackpool arrived. Their trip, like ours, had been 
uneventful, but the sight of the ship which had been 
struck while making the crossing between the two ships 
on which our detachment had come over, made a great 
impression on our minds. 

At length orders came for us to leave the wharf. 
Captains Newlin and Krumbhaar, with the nurses and 
three women civilian employees, were to be sent by 
train at once to Le Treport. A few of the officers and the 
enlisted men were quartered in a camp on the outskirts 
of Havre, and the rest of the officers were provided with 
rooms in various hotels in the city. 

After finding the numerous places to which we had 



kl 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 47 

been assigned we strolled about the city, which pre- 
sented a very animated appearance. It being a Sunday 
afternoon everyone was in the streets and there were 
thousands of soldiers and sailors sitting about in the 
numerous open air cafes. The civilian population was 
likewise bent on the usual Sunday afternoon amuse- 
ments of a French city and dressed in its best was pro- 
menading or sipping its drinks in the balmy spring 
sunshine. 

The next day, Monday, June 11, the officers and 
men who had remained at Havre were ordered to 
entrain at 4 p. m. They all assembled at the station 
where a train awaited them, but as it did not start 
until 11.30 p.m. there was a long dreary wait in the 
depot. There were some British tanks awaiting trans- 
portation on freight cars in the station and some of us 
were shown inside of them by the officers in charge, 
Captain Spencer Ovington and Captain William 
Arthur Faulkner of the British Army. Captain Faulkner 
had passed much time in the United States, the latter 
part of it at Cramp's shipyard in Philadelphia, where 
he had known Major Harte and some of our officers. 
Subsequently he paid the Unit several visits at Le 
Treport, where he was always a welcome guest. The 
train rolled slowly along with frequent delays through- 
out the night and the subsequent day, passing through 
Amiens and Beauvais, finally arriving at Le Treport 
in the early afternoon. 



48 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

LE TREPORT 

Previous to the Great War Le Treport had been a 
little fishing town and seashore resort, or " plage," 
situated on the shore of the Channel at the mouth of a 
pretty little stream which forms the dividing line 
between it and another very similar little town, Mers, 
the two forming practically one community. On either 
side of the little valley in which it lies are high cliffs, or 
"falaises," rising abruptly from the seabeach. At high 
tide the waves break high against these; when the tide 
is low there is left exposed a long stretch of shingly 
beach, covered with hard stones and rocks, with here 
and there little stretches of sand. On the land above the 
falaises the rich farmland is cultivated right to their 
edge. Over these fields and along the cliffs one could 
walk for miles through beautiful rural scenery, with 
the Channel always in view, displaying convoys of vessels 
loaded with munitions or other supplies, guarded by 
destroyers, and with aeroplanes and dirigibles hovering 
over them along the route. 

The British military authorities had taken over for 
hospital purposes a large area situated on the falaises 
adjacent to Le Treport and had constructed on it a 
number of hospitals and a convalescent depot. These 
were reached from the town by a road which wound 
gradually up back of the cliffs. For those on foot there 
were two methods of ascent, a funicular railroad, and a 
series of flights of cement steps built in the sides of the 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 49 

cliffs which bordered the valley in which Le Treport 
lay. The funicular was old and decrepit and frequently 
failed to functionate, and it was unanimously agreed 
that its use was one of the risks of the war which 
attended those who sojourned at Le Treport. 

There was a large hotel, the Trianon, a few feet from 
the upper landing of the funicular, which had been taken 
over by the British and was known as British General 
Hospital No. 3. A sort of annex to this, a small building 
known as the Golf Hotel, was occupied as a hospital 
for officers, and was known as Lady Murray's, after 
the English lady who had equipped it and had charge 
of its management. Another hospital, No. 47, adjacent to 
these, was in charge of Canadians. The Convalescent 
Depot No. 3 adjoined the area, and in about its center 
was situated British General Hospital No. 16, to which 
Base Hospital No. 10 U. S. Army was assigned, and of 
which it soon took complete charge. 

Number 16 British General Hospital had a bed 
capacity for 2232 patients. It was constructed entirely 
of huts and tents which weie arranged in radiations 
extending in a half-circle from a center. The other 
half of the circle was formed of similar huts and tents 
constituting Canadian General Hospital No. 47. The 
center of the two hospitals was the operating rooms 
and x-ray plants, from which the first huts proceeded. 
These were substantially built and were known as the 
"white huts" because of their color, being made of 



50 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

galvanized iron. Our hospital had four of them and 
they were used for severe surgical cases, because of 
their proximity to the operating room and the ease 
with which patients could be transported to and from 
it. A road ran circularly around their outer ends, across 
which were the so-called "black huts," which were 
really dark brown in color, and of which there were 
four for each white hut. These were used for less severely 
wounded and convalescent surgical patients. On the 
outer perimeter of the circle were the medical huts. 
Separated by a space of some yards from the main 
hospital was the "Isolation Division," in which all 
infectious or contagious diseases were placed. It con- 
sisted of a number of huts and tents, separated by 
rather wide intervals from each other. Between the 
two divisions and on their outer borderswere the cooks 
tents, quartermasters' huts, and barracks and tents of 
the personnel. A large dining hut in which 700 men 
could eat at a time was built on a space between the 
medical and surgical huts, in which all patients able 
to walk got their meals. At the entrance to the street 
which ran between the surgical huts was the Admission 
and Discharge Hut, in which all walking patients were 
received, examined, and assigned to the appropriate 
wards; where every morning walking patients were 
dressed, and at which patients were given their final 
inspection previous to discharge from the Hospital. 
The officers were quartered in a one-story wooden 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



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52 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 




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PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 53 




54 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

building with three corridors, having bedrooms along 
them, a dining-room, sitting-room and kitchen. After 
the Unit had occupied the hospital for some months 
a bath-room with a tub, running hot and cold water, 
and a shower, was installed through the benificent 
activity of some of the officers, and proved a great 
addition to the comfort of the mess. Two, and in some 
instances three, officers were quartered in each room. 
Each room had a small coal stove and even in 
the coldest weather could be made warm and com- 
fortable. 

The nurses' quarters were across the main road 
running through the hospital area. These were in huts, 
attached to one another by corridors, having a large 
room divided into two parts serving respectively for a 
dining-room and sitting-room. 

The entire area was traversed by good hard macadam 
roads. The hospital grounds around the huts were at 
first in grass, which was the despair of the sergeant de- 
puted to the task of keeping them mowed and neat looking. 
At a later period every available foot of ground was 
ploughed up and planted with potatoes and other 
vegetables. This gardening work was entered upon with 
great zeal, all the men in their available moments 
being employed in its prosecution. 

There was one of the British Expeditionary Force 
canteens on the area, also a large British Y. M. C. A. 
canteen, and a barnlike building run in connection 




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PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 5$ 

with it which was used for concerts and dramatic 
performances. 

Near the Hospital was a golf links which had once 
flourished in connection with the hotel, and at Lady 
Murray's were some tennis courts. The Tommies had 
constructed a cricket crease on which they pursued their 
national game, and it was not long after their arrival 
before the Americans had made a baseball diamond on 
which they likewise could indulge in their national 
pastime. Football was also provided for when the season 
arrived. On their first Thanksgiving Day the Americans 
arranged a game among themselves and the comments 
on its roughness by the Tommies among the excited 
spectators were very interesting. 

Upon its arrival the Unit received the most courteous 
and kindly welcome from the British officers who were 
in charge of the Hospital. It was learned subsequently 
that our assignment to this particular hospital had 
been the cause of much quite natural chagrin to our 
British confreres, as it was regarded as a particularly 
interesting and pleasant place, and it was hard on those 
who had borne the burden and heat of the day to be 
replaced by a group of Americans who had hitherto 
undergone no hardships, nor even proven their ability 
for the work to be done. The British authorities un- 
doubtedly tried to do the best in their power to acknowl- 
edge the assistance they were beginning to receive 
from the United States and those who were fortunate 



§6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

enough to be associated with them at an early period 
must ever feel a sense of gratitude not only to the higher 
authorities, but also to officers of rank more nearly 
corresponding with our own, for the kindliness that was 
so generally shown to the newcomers when they were 
commencing their association with the grim realities 
of war. 

GETTING SETTLED AT LE TREPORT 

For some days after our arrival we were all kept busy 
learning the nature of the work which lay before us and 
familiarizing ourselves with what would be our future 
duties. The British officers gradually departed and in a 
few weeks the Unit was in entire charge of the Hos- 
pital. There only remained a British officer as registrar, 
a British quartermaster, and a British Church of 
England chaplain, with the occasional addition of a 
non-conformist padre. 

The ambulance service for the entire area was con- 
ducted by the Women's Motor Ambulance Convoy 
No. 10. There were about thirty-five or forty ambulances 
all cared for, as well as driven, by women, and most 
splendidly they did their work. They were a fine lot of 
healthy, strong young women, who were quartered in 
the huge garage in which the cars were kept, near the 
Trianon Hotel. The patients practically all arrived or 
left the hospitals in the area by train from the station 
in Le Treport. The hospital which was to receive a con- 




Distributing; a convov of surgical cases to the wards. 




Major Newlin distributing a convoy of medical cases at British 
General Hospital, No. 16, B. E. F. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 si 

voy would be notified a few hours ahead of the time it 
might be expected to arrive. The ambulances would be 
sent to the station and there they would remain some- 
times for hours before the train, after some unex- 
pected delay, arrived. The patients would be loaded 
in the motors and driven up the long steep road to the 
hospitals, unloaded, and the ambulance sent back for 
more. Convoys always seemed by preference to get in 
in the middle of the night or just before dawn, and it 
took hours from the time these women were called and 
started out until they could return to their quarters, 
often to be immediately recalled, possibly for another 
convoy or some other emergency service. Always 
willing, cheerful, and obliging, never driving fast or 
carelessly, so as to spare the patient every unnecessary 
jolt, they won the universal admiration of everyone who 
saw them at their daily task. 

It was in this work that our enlisted men also showed 
the mettle they were made of. Few of them had ever 
come in contact with sickness and suffering on a large 
scale before. We had but two or three who had ever 
had the slightest experience in hospital work. There 
were among them college students, clerks, chauffeurs, 
mechanics, draughtsmen, and some older men who had 
enlisted through their eagerness to get into active 
service, and a fear that their age might militate against 
their acceptance for enlistment in a combatant unit. 
When the arrival of a convoy was signalled a station 



58 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

party would be sent to the station to transfer patients 
from the train to the ambulances. Other groups of the 
men would be stationed on the receiving platforms of 
the medical and surgical divisions to unload the ambu- 
lances on their arrival. Another group would be sent to 
the Admission and Discharge Hut to receive the walk- 
ing patients, make out their cards, and take them to the 
wards to which they were assigned. With incredible 
adaptability in a few days, these men became familiar 
with their work and no light or easy work it was. The 
ambulances would be loaded and unloaded with the 
minimum of suffering to the patients, and the latter, 
often in extremis or in desperate suffering, conveyed to 
a cot, and placed at rest without discomfort or pain. 
The accomplishment of this work required many hours 
of hard physical labor, often in cold wet weather, fre- 
quently at night, but not a man would flag in his 
energy till every patient had received all the required 
attention. The reverse process of loading a convoy to 
leave the Hospital was equally hard physical work, 
but the labor was greatly lightened by the pathetic 
joy with which patients hailed the chance to get to 
"Blighty." Few of us could have realized the full 
significance of homesickness until we had the opportu- 
nity to see the eagerness with which the wounded 
British soldier longed for the decision that his wound was 
so serious that he would be sent to Blighty. The 
sympathy the men showed to one another was nowise 




The Incinerators. 




The disinfecting plant. Private Albert O. Johnson, Jr., Sergt. ist 
Class Chas. W. Kendall, Jr., Corp. Harry B. Thompson. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 59 

better indicated than when they showed their joy to 
one of their number on his approaching departure for 
Blighty, or in their attempts to console those who were 
not so fortunate, although their hopes might have 
been excited by the reception of a severe wound. 

ENGLISH AND CANADIAN OFFICERS 

With many English and Canadian officers the rela- 
tions of the Unit became very close. It is impossible to 
name all those to whose friendly offices we were in- 
debted for much kindness, not only official but social, 
in the long course of our stay; but to a few we owe a 
debt of gratitude which it is a great pleasure to acknowl- 
edge. 

Colonel Frank W. Begbie, who welcomed us officially 
at Liverpool and from thence escorted us to London, 
watched over our welfare there during our brief stay, 
and then accompanied us to Southampton, subse- 
quently came to Le Treport as commandant of the 
Hospital area. His tall figure and kindly face dwell in 
our memory, along with his uniform courtesy and the 
pains which he ever took to help us in the perform- 
ance of our duties. 

Colonel Hugh Champneys Thurston was in command 
of British General Hospital No. 16 when we first arrived, 
and it was under his immediate supervision that the 
transference of the Hospital took place and we assumed 
charge of the hospital. Nothing could exceed the tact 



6o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

and good-will with which he conducted this delicate 
procedure, rendered the more so by his necessary 
ignorance of the qualifications which the Unit collec- 
tively and individually possessed to assume the task. 
That the exchange took place smoothly, without the 
least friction, and with absolutely no interference with 
the routine work of such a large and active hospital, 
was largely attributable to his ability and kindliness. 

Colonel H. D. Rowan, who was in command of No. 47 
British Hospital, later became A. D. M. S. of the area 
and his relations with the Unit were most pleasant. 
A tall, spare man, as he walked around the area in- 
specting the hospitals under his charge, and giving 
kindly greetings to the American officers whom he 
met, we soon got to know him well and to esteem him 
among those whom we were proud to call our friends. 
He was succeeded as Assistant Director Medical Service 
by our friend, Colonel Begbie. 

A report by Colonel Rowan of his inspection of the 
Hospital on December 2, 191 7, is appended, as showing 
his opinion of the Hospital on that date. (See p. 214.) 

As we were serving with the British Expeditionary 
Force and entirely attached to it, the district in which 
we were was controlled by British medical authorities 
and the consultants attached to the area were all 
British officers. 

The British surgical consultant at the time of our 
arrival was Colonel Francis Mitchell Caird, of Edin- 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 61 

burgh, one of the most eminent surgeons and teachers 
of that center of surgical renown. A former pupil of 
Lister's, now as then eager to grasp every addition to 
surgical knowledge or technique, he watched our own 
surgeons when they began their work with critical but 
friendly eyes and was prompt to acknowledge their 
fitness for the task they had undertaken. Some of our 
staff had had the pleasure of enjoying his hospitality 
at an international meeting of surgeons in Edinburgh 
in pre-war days. With them he was glad to resume his 
acquaintance and very soon we all learned to admire 
and love him. His sound counsels aided our work, 
his stories and songs added pleasure to every gathering 
at which he was present, and his departure was uni- 
versally regretted. 

Colonel Caird's successor as surgical consultant for 
the area was Colonel William Thorburn, of Manchester, 
a very able surgeon and a gentleman who was well quali- 
fied in every way to maintain the traditional relations 
established by his predecessor between the surgical 
consultant and the Unit. Ever ready when called upon 
for advice and never obtrusive in offering it, he was a 
good friend to those of us who were brought into official 
contact with him. 

The British medical consultant for the area was 
Colonel Pasteur, to whom those serving in the medical 
division of the Hospital feel was largely owing their 
successful management of the great task confided to 



62 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

their care. The Contagious Division was a most im- 
portant responsibility, as it received from the entire 
area all patients suffering from contagious disease. 
These cases included measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, 
Vincent's angina, mumps, etc., and their proper isola- 
tion not only from others but from one another was a 
matter of great difficulty. Colonel Pasteur was ever 
ready to aid wherever he could be of service, and his 
willingness and skill elicited the hearty appreciation 
of all those who had the opportunity of availing 
themselves of them. 

DISTINGUISHED VISITORS 

From time to time the Hospital was visited officially 
by the chief authorities of the British Expeditionary 
Force, and their universally friendly words of encourage- 
ment and approval were a great stimulus to our efforts 
to "carry-on." 

Among such distinguished visitors may be mentioned 
Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Sloggett, a splendid 
type of Englishman, who had been awarded the Vic- 
toria Cross for an act of bravery during the war in the 
Soudan, and to whose administrative ability much of 
the success of the British medical establishment in 
France was due. 

Major General Sir Anthony Bowlby inspected the 
Hospital on a number of occasions. The author of 
several widely known textbooks on surgical subjects, 




A corner of the kitchen. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 63 

his great skill and practical ability was of invaluable 
service particularly in placing the surgical service in 
the advanced areas on an efficient working basis. 

Major General Sir George Meakins, the distinguished 
President of the College of Physicians of London, in- 
spected the medical division on more than one occasion. 

The Unit was honored by the unofficial visits of many 
persons of prominence. Among these were Cardinal 
Bourne, the primate of the Roman Catholic Church 
in England, and Bishops Israels and McCormick, of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. 
Mr. E. H. Sothern and Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop Ames 
stopped in one afternoon and drank tea. They were on a 
tour for the purpose of establishing a system of dramatic 
entertainments for the amusement of the A. E. F. 
Sir Thomas Myles, the distinguished Dublin surgeon, 
visited his old friend Colonel Harte, in company with 
General Sir Robert Jones, Sir Berkley Moynihan and 
Dr. Stiles, of Edinburgh. 

Brigadier General W. W. Atterbury, of the A. E. F. 
drove in for luncheon on one occasion, as did also 
Colonel H. C. Booz, another Pennsylvania Railroad man, 
who was among the engineers from that great organiza- 
tion whose labors in establishing a transportation 
system for the A. E. F. made so great an impression on 
the French. Colonel Hodge, yet another of the engineers 
in the A. E. F., stopped in to visit his cousin Captain 
Edward B. Hodge, and other friends in the Unit. 



64 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Lieutenant Commander Robert LeConte and Lieut- 
enant Commander James E. Talley, of Naval Base 
Hospital No. 5, the Methodist Episcopal Hospital unit of 
Philadelphia, visited their old friends from the same 
city. Another welcome visitor was Colonel James P. 
Hutchinson of Philadelphia, whose long service and 
splendid work at American Red Cross Military Hospi- 
tal No. 1, at Neuilly, has done him such credit. 

THE WORK AT LE TREPORT 

The amount of work done by Base Hospital No. 10 
while in charge of British General Hospital No. 16, may 
be gathered from a brief resume of the statistics of the 
registrar's office during the period from June 13, 19 17, 
to December 31, 1918, about eighteen and a half 
months (See pp. 202, 203). 

There were admitted during that time 47,81 1 patients, 
of whom 22,431 were wounded and 24,222 sick. Of 
these 398 of the wounded and 140 of the sick died, 
making a total of 538 deaths. 

There were 3,736 surgical operations performed, the 
great majority for the removal of missiles or their 
fragments, but also a large number of amputations. 

The patients were chiefly, of course, members of the 
British Expeditionary Force, including British, Scotch, 
Irish, Australian, New Zealand, South African and 
Canadian soldiers, the total number of American 
soldiers admitted being but 3,012, of whom 44 died. 



"1 




Group of matrons of the hospitals in the Le Treport area. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 65 

The Dental Department of the Hospital was very 
active. The Unit had with it two dentists, Colonel 
Charles S. Jack and Captain Edwin Shoemaker, 
and a tabulation of their work in the Appendix 
shows that they treated no less than 15,926 patients. 
The skill of the American dentist is proverbial in 
England and on the Continent and much advantage 
was taken of their skill and kindness when it became 
known how willingly they extended their aid to those 
who stood in need of it. 

The X-ray Department was a most important adjunct 
to the Hospital. So much depended on the accurate 
localization of foreign bodies as a preliminary to their 
removal that at times when a large convoy of wounded 
had been received it would seem almost impossible 
that the x-ray department could keep its service up to 
time, and yet it always did. The department was at first 
in charge of Major Knowles. Later when he was de- 
tached from the Unit, Captain Shoemaker took it up. 
The mechanical work, development of plates etc., 
was done by Sergeant Cressy, and much of the success 
of the Department was due to his faithful and con- 
scientious labors. From June 13, 191 7, to December 
31, 191 8, 5,852 patients were x-rayed. 

The Pathological Laboratory was under the charge 
of Captain Edward B. Krumbhaar, assisted by Captain 
J. Howard Cloud, with Mrs. Krumbhaar as technician. 



66 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

A detailed statement of the work carried out in the 
little one-story corrugated iron hut in which the lab- 
oratory was lodged shows that no less than 18,878 
pathological and bacteriological examinations were made 
in the period from June 13, 191 8. Of these exam- 
inations 318 were autopsies, which were performed in 
the little mortuary which served all the hospitals 
located in the area. Much assistance was afforded 
Major Krumbhaar by Privates Le Boutillier, Stevens 
and W. B. Smith, a second year medical student, at- 
tached as orderlies to the laboratory. 

Patients who succumbed to their wounds or to 
disease in any of the hospitals in the area were buried 
in the English military cemetery at Mont Huon about 
a mile by road from the hospitals. Before our arrival 
there had been another English cemetery laid out in 
connection with the French cemetery at Le Treport, 
but this had been filled, and shortly before our arrival 
the new one opened. It was just off a main road, sur- 
rounded by great fields, with a view of the Channel in 
the distance. The Americans were greatly impressed 
with the respect shown by the British for their dead. 
Every funeral was attended by a commissioned officer 
and squad of enlisted men, who marched behind the 
ambulance conveying the plain pine box in which was 
placed the body. The Chaplain of the belief to which the 
man belonged preceded the ambulance. Arrived at the 
cemetery the body was reverently borne to the grave 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 67 

on the shoulders of the men, the Chaplain read a short 
service, and all stood at attention while the bugler 
blew the "last post," the British equivalent to our 
"taps." The German prisoners who died in the area 
were buried with the same respect, the body in such 
instances being borne to the grave by other German 
prisoners, escorted by a guard. 

The English were very much impressed with the work 
of our women anesthetists, Miss Burkey and Miss 
Murphy. Throughout the British Army anesthetics had 
hitherto only been administered by doctors and when 
shortly after our arrival our women began their work they 
were greatly astonished. The skill and care which was 
displayed soon caused their amazement to yield to ad- 
miration. The idea was soon adopted by the British 
authorities, and in the early spring of 19 18 classes were 
formed of British nurses who received instruction at our 
hospital and at several others, and before the end of the 
war a number of British nursing sisters were performing 
the duties of anesthetists in various hospitals throughout 
the B. E. F. 

Another striking difference between the practice of 
the British and ours was in the much more prevalent 
use of chloroform by them as a general anesthetic in 
preference to ether. Of course this custom prevails in 
their civil surgery, the only reason apparently being 
that the use of ether as an anesthetic began in America, 
whereas that of chloroform was discovered by Sir James 



68 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Y. Simpson of Edinburgh; consequently the use of each 
anesthetic was more widespread in the country in which 
it was first introduced. 

The traditional care with which the British Govern- 
ment looks after the welfare of its soldiers was nowhere 
better exemplified than in the hospital. Every day a 
dispatch was sent to London containing lists of the 
names of patients who were considered as in a serious 
condition. If a man were dangerously ill a special tele- 
gram was sent the War Office informing it of his condi- 
tion. These were the so-called "S. I." and "D. I." lists. 
As soon as a patient's name was placed on the D. I. list 
his family was notified and two and sometimes more of 
them, wife, mother or father, or some other of his kin, 
were brought to his bedside in a wonderfully short 
time, sometimes within less than twenty-four hours, 
and there they could remain until their loved one was 
out of danger, or if he died until he was laid at rest. 
The British Y. M. C. A. maintained a hostel in which 
these relatives were housed, and though it used to be 
inexpressibly sad to see these mournful little groups 
about the bedside or at the grave, the consolation to 
them and to the patient must have been very great. 
Their gratitude was often touchingly expressed and 
it was very beautiful to see the sympathy they mani- 
fested towards others who were in the same plight, or 
towards the patients with whom they came in contact 
during their brief stay about the Hospital. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 69 

It seemed to us in the course of our relations with the 
British Army that much of its wonderful success as a 
fighting machine depended upon the solicitude shown 
by the government for the men, and also on the care 
which the British officer always manifested for them. 
The Tommy looked up to his officer, respected him, and 
had confidence in him because he realized that the 
officer was willing to sacrifice himself for his men not 
only in little but in big things. At the casualty clearing 
stations and elsewhere when there were many wounded 
to be cared for and the surgeons and nurses were over- 
run, the British officer was always solicitous that the 
wounded Tommies should be looked after before 
himself, and his anxiety in this respect was repaid by a 
corresponding desire on the part of the private soldier 
that his officer should have every care and attention 
that could be bestowed upon him. 

REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE UNIT 

Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, Base Hospital No. 10, 
U. S. A., had been organized with the idea that it would 
have charge of a hospital of 500 beds. It was therefore 
obvious that to run a hospital of 2,090 beds there must 
be an addition to its personnel. In reply to Colonel 
DeLaney's urgent request, a reinforcement comprising 
8 officers, 47 enlisted men, and 30 nurses, was sent from 
Philadelphia. The men under command , of Lieutenant 
H. B. Wilmer, sailed on August 18, 191 7, on the S. S. 



70 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Aurania, but the nurses were delayed and did not sail 
until August, 19 1 7, when they embarked under com- 
mand of Captain J. Paul Austin on the S. S. Baltic. 
Lieutenant Wilmer and his detachment had an unevent- 
ful voyage, landing at Liverpool, thence proceeding by 
train to Southampton, from which port they crossed 
the Channel to Havre, and from there were sent to 
Dieppe, where they were met by ambulances which took 
them to Le Treport, arriving on September 7. Captain 
Austin and the nurses arrived on September 21. 

Much of the success with which the pleasant relations 
between the Unit and the British were achieved must 
be attributed to the tact and ability with which the 
Unit was directed and managed by Colonel Matthew 
A. Delaney, M. C, U. S. A. In the course of his career 
as an army officer he had acquired a rare knowledge 
of men, and his courteous yet firm manner, and his 
thorough acquaintance with military affairs and ad- 
ministrative matters, made a great impression upon the 
British officers. Avoiding all misunderstandings and 
very direct in all his dealings they held him in esteem 
as a soldier at the same time that they enjoyed his 
society as a man. 

ROUTINE AT LE TREPORT 

On March 1 ith, 191 8, Colonel DeLaney left the Unit 
to become Liaison Officer in London, and Lt. Col. Harte 
took over the command of the Hospital. During the 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 71 

latter part of this month, the now famous Cambrai push 
took place, and the Hospital, as well as the whole area 
received orders to prepare to move at a moment's 
notice. Forty-five nurses were sent away, thirty to 
Rouen, and fifteen to Etretat. The Hospital was practi- 
cally empty until the middle of April, but from then on 
throughout the remainder of the summer it was filled, 
usually to overflowing. In some convoys as many as six 
hundred cases were received. During this same period 
there were frequent air-raid alarms, which added to 
the anxiety of all. The latter part of April, Major 
Norris left the Unit for duty with the A. E. F., and 
Captain Newlin took over charge of the Medical 
Division. 

May 3d, 19 1 8, was a day long to be remembered by 
the Unit, as our band made its first public appearance. 
After several months' practice the band had mastered 
a single selection, and proudly marched in front of the 
officers' mess and tried the same on the poor officers, 
who had no means of escape. After playing the piece 
through, the band were so proud ot themselves that 
they repeated the selection many times, and before 
they departed every one of the officers could whistle 
the entire selection without a single mistake. 

About this time, because of the deliberate bombing of 
several British and Canadian hospitals, the engineers 
began digging trenches and sandbagging the huts of all 
the hospitals. This work in our area kept up until 



72 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

after the armistice was signed, although fortunately no 
attempt was ever made to bomb any of the hospitals 
in our immediate vicinity. 

In June Captain Packard began a course of lectures 
on French History to the members of the Unit. These 
lectures Captain Packard continued until September 
9, 1918, when he left to take up his new duties as con- 
sultant in oto-laryngology for the Paris district. 

August, 1918, was a very busy month with daily con- 
voys and a corresponding number of evacuations. From 
August 3d to August 30th, the area received 27,000 
cases, a thousand a day for twenty-seven consecutive 
days. No. 16 took 5,000 of these. 

Early in October the Mobile Hospital under com- 
mand of Major Edward B. Hodge left No. 16, and de- 
parted for Paris for equipment and extra personnel. 
It consisted of four officers, twenty nurses, and thirty 
enlisted men. 

About the middle of October the number of officers 
was reduced to fifteen, which made more than plenty 
of work for all, as the Hospital was running about full, 
and the usual number of officers required for a hospital 
of its size was at least thirty. On October 24th, 19 18, 
orders arrived for Colonel Harte to proceed to Brest 
for embarkation to the United States. He departed 
November 4th, and the command was taken over by 
Major Charles F. Mitchell. 




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PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 73 

THE ARMISTICE 

On November 10th word was received that the Kaiser 
had abdicated, and the following day that the armistice 
had been signed. Immediately upon getting the official 
news our band was ordered out and it headed a 
parade consisting of officers, nurses, patients and 
numerous French civilians. It is impossible to describe 
the sight of the motley throng of the allied nationalities 
as they gave vent to the thrill of joy caused by the realiza- 
tion that the aims for which they had been sacrificing 
so much were really theirs. 

After the armistice the hospital work gradually 
lessened, and it became necessary to have daily drill 
for the enlisted men to keep them employed. At this 
time there were 259 enlisted men on the rolls. 

Five of the enlisted men received commissions: 
Sergeant Seaver, Second Lieutenant; Q. M. C. Ser- 
geant Greer, First Lieutenant S. C; Sergeant Wilson, 
Second Lieutenant S. C; Private Lawrence M.Ramsey, 
Second Lieutenant Field Artillery, and Private Joseph 
S. Hagenbuck, First Lieutenant S. C. All remained with 
the Unit in their new capacities. 

HOMEWARD BOUND 

On January 12th, 1919, Lt. Col. William J. Taylor 
left the Unit with orders to proceed to the United 
States, and the same day the mobile unit consisting 
of six officers, thirty nurses and sixty-eight enlisted 
men returned. This added personnel at this time made 



74 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

a grand total of 39 officers, 125 nurses, and 327 enlisted 
men, 491 in all. Shortly after this orders were received 
for all those who had not been in the service a year 
to proceed to various camps in the A. E. F. These, 
together with a few nurses who volunteered to remain 
in France, depleted our ranks so that finally we returned 
to the United States with twenty-eight officers, one 
hundred nurses and one hundred and seventy-nine 
enlisted men. 

On February 3d, all patients were transferred to 
General Hospital No. 47, and from that date on the hos- 
pital was demobilized. All the stores were collected 
and housed in a couple of huts, and placed under the 
charge of Major Lunney of British Army Q. M. C. 

In the early part of March our nurses were sent in 
batches to Vannes where they were splendidly looked 
after by Lt. Col. Veeder of the St. Louis Unit, which 
was stationed near that city, in the little town of 
Plouharnel in the heart of old Brittany. 

On March 4th, Lt. Col. Sweet with 25 officers and 
154 enlisted men proceeded to Plouharnel, arriving 
March 7th. They were comfortably housed in what was 
formerly a monastery. Lt. Col. Mitchell with Major 
Newlin and 25 enlisted men remained at Le Treport to 
complete the closing of the hospital. Finally this last 
contingent left for Vannes March 12th, reaching 
their destination the following day. 

The nurses left Plouharnel March 12th for Brest, 
and Major Newlin was sent to join them on the 15th 




Lieutenant-Colonel Charles F. Mitchell, Commanding Officer, 
British General Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., Le Treport. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 75 

to act as their escort home. They remained at Brest 
until April 3d, and then sailed on the Holland American 
liner Rotterdam for New York, arriving April 12th. 

The officers and men remained at Plouharnel 
until March 22d, when they departed for Brest, arriv- 
ing the following day. Our stay at Camp Pontanaza 
will long be remembered by all, due to the kind, efficient 
and courteous treatment we received from the officers 
in charge. The efficiency of the camp impressed every- 
one, and the kindness shown us personally by the 
commanding officer, Brigadier General Smedley D. 
Butler, will never be forgotten. 

General Butler later informed Colonel Mitchell that 
after the Unit left, he had occasion to write Q. H. Q. 
that Base Hospital No. 10 was the best outfit of its kind 
that had come under his charge. 

On April 6th officers and men went on board the 
Kaiserin Augusta-Victoria which was making her first 
voyage after having been interned in a German port 
since the beginning of the war. The ship sailed on the 
8th and arrived at Hoboken April 17th. On the 18th 
the Unit proceeded to Camp Dix, N. J., and was de- 
mobilized on the 22d. 



HISTORY OF THE NURSING CORPS OF 
BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 U. S. A. 

BY MARGARET A. DUNLOP 

THE early history of the Nursing Corps of Base 
Hospital No. 10, U. S. A., primarily begins with 
the Red Cross Nursing Department organized 
by Miss Jane Delano, well-known national figure in the 
nursing world of America. She conceived the idea of an 
enrollment of trained nurses of standard rank who 
would pledge themselves under the Red Cross to take 
their part in local disasters, and in the time of war to be 
regarded as an Army Reserve Corps prepared to go any- 
where at the call of the Government as a war measure. 
The enrollment, particularly here in Philadelphia, was 
carried on unobtrusively for several years. Conse- 
quently when Dr. Richard H. Harte after his return 
in 1 916 from service at the American Ambulance asked 
that a Pennsylvania Hospital nursing unit of fifty 
nurses be secured for the nursing service of a Red Cross 
army unit to be organized in Philadelphia, it was an 
easy matter to gather together such women. After 
securing the promise from the Managers for the services 
of the Superintendent of Nurses of the Pennsylvania 

Hospital, such an organization was started, with^the 

76 




Miss Margaret A. Dunlop, Matron, No. 16 (Philadelphia, U. S. A.) 
General Hospital, B. E. F., Le Treport, in her office. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 77 

Superintendent of Nurses as Chief Nurse. The list of 
the nurses constituting the original unit will be found 
on page 225. 

Little thought or expectation was given to the fact 
that war was either probable or possible, and it was a 
considerable shock to be called by Dr. Harte, director 
of the whole Base, on the afternoon of Sunday, May 
2, 191 7, stating that an order had been received calling 
out the Unit for service in France and asking that the 
Nursing Corps be mobilized, bag and baggage, ready for 
France the following Friday noon. As in time of war 
orders are orders, we gasped the reply and started to 
work. Many of these pledged nurses were in far away 
states at the head of hospitals, or on duty with private 
patients. Substitutes had to be secured, and as half of 
the nursing staff of the home hospital were to be taken, 
considerable difficulties had to be overcome, arrange- 
ments made for indefinite leave, etc. Telegrams were 
the order of the day, but out of the apparent chaos the 
full number appeared by Friday noon prepared for 
anything. 

On Wednesday, May 5th, a telegram from Washing- 
ton came ordering fifteen more nurses to be secured for 
the Unit, including a dietitian. This additional number 
was secured through the local Red Cross nurse enroll- 
ment. These also were ready by Friday. The names 
of these additional nurses are given on page 226. The 
next nine days were an anxious, restless time, the 



78 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

nurses reporting every two hours at the hospital, the 
nurses not living at the hospital being cared for at 
the home of Mrs. George W. Childs Drexel. During this 
time Captain McDiarmid administered the oath of 
allegiance. Measurements were taken of the sixty-five 
women and sent to a wholesale clothing house in New 
York for uniforms, we knew not of what color, shape or 
kind. 

MARCHING ORDERS 

On the night of May 17th, Major Matthew A. 
Delaney, the newly appointed military commanding 
officer of Base Hospital No. 10, telegraphed the order 
that the nurses were to be sent before ten o'clock the 
next morning, in small groups, without any publicity, 
to the Pennsylvania Railroad, West Philadelphia 
station, destination unknown. Meeting at the station 
the officers and enlisted personnel, we were all whisked 
off together by special train. 

We reached Jersey City about noon where, through 
the foresight of the Quartermaster, Captain Kidwell, 
we were served with luncheon. From luncheon we were 
marched to the ferryboat and the first real thrill was 
felt when the nurses, in passing the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road employees, were given a rousing cheer. Arriving 
at the pier in New York City we were taken at once to 
the S. S. St. Paul. Here we were met by the American 
Red Cross committee with the uniforms made from 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 79 

the measurements taken the preceding week. The uni- 
forms on the whole were well made and fitted very well 
under the circumstances. The dark blue uniforms, 
coats and hats were very somber and the nurses became 
known as the Pennsylvania Hospital "orphans." 
But after many months of service, the uniform became 
very dear to us and the comfort and protection that it 
secured to us in France were very much appreciated. 

Very late that evening we were joined on the St. Paul 
by Base Hospital No. 2 1 from St. Louis, Missouri. These 
two units with a few other passengers made up the 
passenger list of the St. Paul. 

THE VOYAGE 

Early Saturday morning we left New York with 
a feeling of excitement, anticipation, dread, uncertainty 
and considerable homesickness. In a few hours our 
homeland was lost to view, many of us wondering when 
and how we should see it again. 

The ten-day voyage was delightful, except for the 
usual touch of sickness, and, for a few days, the result of 
the doses of antitoxin which seemed to be very freely 
given to us. From the amount given, it seemed to the 
nurses as though, on reaching France, we would be 
germ proof. The ocean seemed destitute of ships and it 
was with much delight that we hailed the little Ameri- 
can destroyers off the coast of Ireland when we came 
into the war zone for submarines. The last night on 



80 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

board was not one for comfort. It was spent sitting on 
the deck with life belts on and small valuables handy. 
Without mishap, however, we finally reached Liverpool 
May 28th, were welcomed by two military officers 
of the British army, Colonel Begbie and Colonel 
Johnston, and we became the guests of the English 
government, Colonel Johnston taking charge of the nurs- 
ing personnel and Colonel Begbie of the officers. Colo- 
nel Johnston was a man eminently fitted to take charge 
of one hundred and twenty-three women. We were 
taken in big buses to the Hotel Adelphi and the nurses 
were given liberty to see the city. Here they experienced 
the first touch of the sympathy, friendliness and hospi- 
tality of the English people — a people whom later we 
came to know and admire for their many fine qualities. 
Many were the tales brought back by the nurses of the 
friendliness and little courtesies and kindnesses extended 
to them by the people of Liverpool. 

LONDON 

By special train the next day, still under the guardian- 
ship of Colonel Johnston, the nurses were taken to 
London. While en route at one of the stations, through 
the thoughtfulness of Colonel Johnston, tea baskets 
were brought into the train and the nurses for the first 
time partook of the great English custom. We arrived 
at London and were met by Colonel Bradley, U. S. A., 
and Mrs. Bradley, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid and a delega- 




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PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 81 

tion from the American colony in London. We were 
made to feel as though very much wanted. The nurses 
were taken in buses to the Hotel Waldorf, Mrs. White- 
law Reid herself taking charge of the two chief nurses. 
For ten days we were guests at the Hotel Waldorf and 
every possible entertainment was shown us, and we feel 
sure that the nurses look back on these days as one of 
the greatest, if not the greatest, visit of their lives. At 
this point we were deserted by Colonel Johnston with 
much regret on both sides. As he expressed it he thor- 
oughly enjoyed women of a new type who were enthu- 
siastic and adventurous. 

The people of London seemed to consider themselves 
peculiarly the hosts of the Americans and many were 
the happy and profitable experiences of the nurses ; teas, 
sight-seeing, small parties, theatre tickets every night, 
a reception at Claridge's by Mrs. Whitelaw Reid, a 
reception at the home of the American ambassador by 
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hines Page, and a glorious after- 
noon at Cliveden, the home of Lady Astor, who took 
the hearts of the nurses by storm by her jolly, friendly 
cordiality. The opportunity of being at the meeting 
of the American colony when the London chapter of 
the American Red Cross was organized was of great 
value, as this same organization was of such great 
help to us in France later. This period in London seemed 
to us at first as a wonderful joy-ride, but later the 
wisdom of the scheme was understood. It brought the 



82 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

American units who were to work with the Allies into 
a bond of kinship and good feeling that perhaps could 
not have been produced in any other way. 

EN ROUTE TO FRANCE 

On June 9th word was received that we were to leave 
for Southampton the next morning and by special 
train we were carried off for transport to France. The 
movement of one hundred and twenty-three women, one 
hundred and twenty-three trunks and one hundred and 
twenty-three hand-satchels seemed rather a big under- 
taking. However, after practice, all such transportation 
proceeded like clock work. The plan of movement from 
first to last was a division of the Unit into sections under 
section leaders, each leader receiving her orders from 
the Chief Nurse and being responsible for the prompt- 
ness of her section, the appearance of the baggage on 
time, and the reporting of all things connected with 
that particular section. I cannot but express here the 
appreciation of the Chief Nurse at the promptitude and 
co-operation given by these nurses. Never during the 
many days of travel were we hampered by unpunctu- 
ality or disobedience. 

The Channel crossing was uneventful and we reached 
Havre about 10 a.m. June 10th. Being on board a 
hospital ship and finding that it was to return with 
wounded, we were hurriedly whisked off to our destina- 
tion. Our group was put in charge of Major Newlin and 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 83 

Captain Krumbhaar and told to entrain for Le Treport, 
France, the first time we knew of our final destination. 
We reached Dieppe about midnight on a dark rainy 
night, no lights being allowed, and it was a sorry look- 
ing group in the station at Dieppe awaiting the am- 
bulances to take us farther on the way. During the train 
ride of about twelve hours, no provision having been 
made for food, at one of the stopping places, Captain 
Krumbhaar ran up to a small farm house for loaves of 
French bread, a few bottles of light wine, some eggs 
which he had cooked at the farm house, and just as 
the train started came flying down the road followed 
by two French women lugging baskets. These he threw 
into one compartment of the train and off we started, 
not being able to distribute the food until we stopped 
again. 

OUR FUTURE HOME 

The British ambulances arrived about 1 a.m. at 
Dieppe. These ambulances were driven by English 
Volunteer Aid Detachment women commonly known 
as V. A. D.'s and familiarly known as chaufferines. 

After an hour's drive in the darkness, coldness and 
wetness we stopped at a tiny light and found ourselves 
landed at Nurses' Mess, General Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., 
our future home. Here we were met most hospitably 
by the English matron, Miss Willets, and part of her 
staff. They had received word after 7 o'clock of our 



84 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

intended arrival — an overwhelming avalanche, the 
descent of sixty-eight women. The work this entailed 
to provide beds and food, after a hard day's labor in 
an army camp, was a big item. In the after light of 
experience, we can now realize the enormity of such an 
act. The cup of the inevitable tea had been prepared 
for us, the English nurses giving up their beds to the 
Americans, and our nurses fell into bed only to be 
aroused in a couple of hours by the bugle call to get up. 

The next day we inspected the hospital and found 
that instead of a five-hundred-bed hospital we had a 
two-thousand-bed hospital. A little discouraged by the 
size and the work, we started in. After securing the 
belated dress suit cases in which were our only uni- 
forms, the nurses were put on duty the 12th of June 
at 7 a.m. 

Day after day the English nurses were transferred 
from the hospital until in two weeks we had but eighteen 
V. A. D's left. Matron Willets, after instructing the 
new Chief Nurse in the intricacies of English book- 
keeping, was transferred June 30th. The officers and 
enlisted men of our Unit arrived the day after the 
nurses had gone on duty. 

CALL FOR REINFORCEMENTS 

Feeling that sixty-four nurses could not adequately 
take care of 2000 patients covering an area equal to 
about five or six city squares, the call was sent to 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 85 

America for a reinforcement of thirty nurses. The Eng- 
lish matron allowed us the eighteen V. A. D/s until 
the reinforcement should arrive. On July 21st five 
American nurses were sent to us from a unit in London 
and became part and parcel of Pennsylvania Base 
Hospital No. 10. 

The first hard experience in nursing came shortly 
after our installation when an exceedingly large convoy 
of patients, overwhelmed by mustard gas, was received. 
These patients were horribly gassed and were pictures 
of misery and intense suffering. They poured upon us in 
great numbers — 600 in less than forty-eight hours — 
and their sufferings were pitiful to see, but their bravery, 
unselfishness and fortitude were impressed upon us 
very fully. The nurses worked hard and faithfully 
during this short period, but the awfulness and im- 
mensity of suffering and cruel barbarity of war upon 
the individual were a soul-harrowing experience to 
them all. It was tremendous strain on mind, heart, and 
body, being untrained to the handling of such large 
numbers and not yet inured to the immensity of the 
work. During that summer of 191 7, we had our baptism 
of horror and work, but after a few months the whole 
Unit settled down to the inevitable, and as the handling 
of large numbers of severely wounded was efficiently 
expedited, the fear of not being equal to the task 
gradually disappeared. 



86 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

FIRST CASUALTY CLEARING TEAMS 

On July 22, 191 7, the first call came for two operating 
teams for a Casualty Clearing Station. Each team was to 
consist of two officers, one nurse, and one orderly. Miss 
Helen G. McClelland was sent with Captain Mitchell 
and Captain Packard, and Miss Helen Fairchild 
accompanied Colonel Harte and Captain Vaux. These 
teams started off to Belgium and commenced their 
work under most trying circumstances. These two 
nurses were picked for their ability, long tried and 
known, and we feel sure that the officers with whom 
they worked felt that they were efficient and helpful. 
The living conditions were rather trying. Operating 
continuously from twelve to sixteen hours, during 
rest periods living in tents and during raiding times in 
dug-outs, made for the testing of the courage and endur- 
ance of both officers and nurses. Miss Helen G. McClel- 
land was at No. 61 C. C. S. from July 22 to October 6, 
191 7. Miss Fairchild was at No. 4 C. C. S. from July 22 
to August 18, 191 7. Miss Florence Wagner succeeding 
Miss Fairchild from August 22 to September 19, 
1 91 7. Miss Eva Gerhard worked at No. 61 C. C. S. 
from October 5 to December 5, 19 17, with Major Gibbon 
and Captain Newlin. 

On September 2 2d the thirty reinforcements arrived 
from the United States under the guidance of Mrs. 
Marie Eden. They were given a hearty welcome and 
we felt very rich indeed with one hundred trained 




Marching to the funeral of Private Kenneth Hay. 




The funeral of Private Kenneth Hav. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 87 

nurses. The names of these nurses will be found on 
page 210. 

OUR QUARTERS 

About this time the authorities added to the Nurses' 
Mess two more huts, connecting them with the eight 
old ones, so that by the winter the nurses were entirely 
housed in huts instead of tents. The little huts were 
one-story wooden structures partitioned into small 
rooms holding two nurses. Each room had for equip- 
ment a small stove holding about ten pieces of coal. 
Other equipment the nurses provided themselves. 
The little stove proved our greatest friend. With the 
ten pieces of coal provided per week per ration, we 
leave it to the imagination how we secured sufficient 
warmth and hot water. For bureau or wash stands we 
used Red Cross packing cases, begged, borrowed or 
stolen, which we covered with cretonne. A small triangu- 
lar board nailed in the corner of the room made a 
closet. A collapsible canvas basin, or in the case of the 
more fortunate ones, a white enamel basin and pitcher, 
were the toilet articles. The beds were canvas cots, 
the mattresses squares of cotton pads known as "bis- 
cuits." Later we clubbed our finances and bought from 
the British Red Cross chairs and cretonne for curtains, 
and through the generosity of a friend of the Unit, 
hired a piano. A little later we received victrolas from 
the Home Unit, and our nurses' sitting-room became a 
cosy, homelike place. 



88 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

During the winter the intense work slackened, the 
armies sitting tight and only desultory fighting going 
on. The hospital at one time ran down as low as eight 
hundred patients. During this time the nurses turned 
their attention to the amusement of the patients. A 
concert company was organized among the nurses. 

Many successful concerts were given to the people 
of the area. These concerts consisted of chorus singing, 
duets, solos, a Mutt and Jeff episode, fancy dancing, 
etc. An incident following one of the concerts was 
rather amusing. The Chief Nurse was approached 
by an English officer who said, "Matron, I wish to 
congratulate you on the American Nurses' concert. 
It was so well done, so dainty and so un-American." 

Thanksgiving night was celebrated in the nurses' 
mess, a Unit party being held. At Christmas time in 
19 1 7, through contributions from the Home Unit, the 
officers, the nurses, Mrs. Krumbhaar, and many of 
the enlisted personnel, funds were raised, afternoon 
teas and small entertainments were given to the con- 
valescent patients, the band, the nurses and the 
chaufferines giving the entertainments. Many little 
entertainments and little "feeds" were given by in- 
dividual nurses in their separate wards. 

THE FIRST DEATH 

In November our first sorrow came in the sickness 
and death of Kenneth Hay. In December, Miss Helen 




Marching to the funeral of Miss Fairchild. 






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Funeral of Miss Helen Fairchild. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 89 

Fairchild who had been at the Casualty Clearing 
Station became ill, rapidly growing worse, and in 
January was operated upon by Major Charles F. 
Mitchell at her own request. After five days' illness, 
Miss Fairchild passed away and a gloom and sadness 
was felt throughout the camp, she being the first nurse 
who had died at the hospital. She was given a mili- 
tary funeral, a most solemn and impressive ceremony. 
Representatives from all of the military organizations in 
the area and all nurses who could be spared were present, 
and floral emblems were sent by all of the organiza- 
tions in the Hospital area. The English nurses from 
the hospital where Miss Fairchild was cared for, lined 
the grave with evergreens. The service was conducted 
by Chaplain Jefferys, and after all military honors, 
the "Last Post" was sounded by Sergeant Cooper. 

THE GREAT PUSH 

In the spring of 19 18 began the great push of the 
War and the excitement of the war zone came very close 
to us. When the Germans came within eight miles of 
Amiens our situation became a little threatening. 
All the hospitals in the area were crowded with patients 
extremely badly wounded, there being at that time one 
hundred and fifty-nine on the dangerously ill list in our 
hospital. 

At this time occurred the great night that for ex- 
perience stands out unique. With 2,200 patients crowded 



9 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

in the hospital, we were notified that a convoy of 
three hundred and twenty patients was coming down; 
that the train bringing them would take away three 
hundred. This meant taking many very ill patients 
out of bed, placing them on stretchers, and getting 
the beds ready for the incoming three hundred and 
twenty. At midnight, rain coming down in torrents, 
the wards with the three hundred patients lying on 
stretchers on the floor, the new patients being brought 
in, the friends of the one hundred and fifty-nine dan- 
gerously ill patients coming in from England, and 
then the lights suddenly going out all over the camp, 
made a scene not likely to be forgotten. With the dim 
lights given by lanterns, on this chaotic night when 
order seemed to be an impossibility, by the steady 
quiet routine of the officers, men and night nurses, 
by three o'clock the camp was quiet, order restored 
and the work accomplished — a condition that the 
previous year would have been to us appalling. Things 
that seem to stand out in our memory of that night 
are the fortitude and bravery of the severely wounded 
coming down, the patient, uncomplaining attitude of 
the sick men suddenly taken from their beds and sent 
upon a journey, the efficient handling of the numbers 
of patients by the officers, men and nurses, the quiet, 
repressed, controlled attitude of the friends of the 
dying — these will never be forgotten. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 91 

SECOND CASUALTY CLEARING TEAM 

On March 21st another Casualty Clearing team was 
called for and Major Hodge, Captain Dillard and Miss 
Stambaugh with two orderlies were sent up the line. 
Their experience was crushing. During the heavy 
retreat they were forced from one station to another 
rapidly until they reached Amiens. A few hours after 
reaching Amiens a bombing raid occurred and all 
members of the unit were injured — Miss Stambaugh 
receiving a very bad injury in the calf of the leg. She 
was carried immediately back to Abbeville, Amiens, 
being in a distressing condition. At Abbeville she was 
cared for, and as soon as able when traffic was allowed 
she was transferred to the Queen Alexandra Hospital 
in London where every attention was given to her by 
the British authorities and she was well looked after 
by the American colony. 

TRANSFERRING TO ROUEN 

Later the condition becoming more menacing the 
order was received that all patients in the area of Le 
Treport be transferred to Rouen. It meant over ten 
thousand to be evacuated in two or three days. This 
seemed a heartbreaking thing to do as many of the 
patients had but a small chance of living under the 
best of conditions. However, orders must be followed, 
and irrespective of condition they were sent. Nine of 
our patients died en route to Rouen. On April 3d an 



92 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

order came at 10 a. m. that forty-five nurses should be 
ready, bag, bedding and baggage by 12 o'clock, to be 
sent out from the area. Fifteen under Mrs. Eden were 
sent to the Cleveland unit at Rouen, fifteen under 
Miss Gerhard were sent to the St. Louis unit at Rouen, 
and fifteen under Miss MacNeal were sent to the New 
York unit at Etretat. After much hurry and bustle 
and much excitement, not knowing whether we should 
meet again or what might happen during their absence, 
they went off. The remainder of the nurses were ordered 
to be packed up ready to evacuate with heavy baggage, 
light baggage, or no baggage. Anxiety was in every 
heart but no outward show was made. Time went on 
and the Germans were held and after two weeks' sus- 
pense, a few patients were sent to us and we were told 
to "carry on" without equipment. Little by little more 
patients were sent, more equipment was opened up 
until we were running full again. The nurses were 
returned and a new peace came to be ours. The tide 
had changed and the patients coming down were no more 
silent but cheerful, and though badly wounded seemed 
in the best of spirits, being always keen to know how 
much had been gained in the battle in which they had 
been wounded. 

THE SPRING OF 1919 

On April ioth Miss Elizabeth Voltz's resignation was 
accepted. She was transferred to England to be married 




The grave of Miss Helen E. Fairchild in Mont Huon Cemetery, 
B. E. F., Le Treport. 




Mont Huon Cemetery, B. E. F., Le Treport. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 93 

to the former commanding officer, Major DeLaney, who 
had been transferred to be Iiason officer in London. 

During the spring of 191 9, through the energy of the 
commanding officer, Colonel Harte, a small room off the 
general kitchen was secured as a diet kitchen and Miss 
Bettman, the dietitian, installed in it. This was insti- 
tuted very opportunely, as shortly after a good deal of 
special diet work had to be done when the epidemic 
of dysentery came upon us. 

In the spring of 1919, finding the American nurse 
anesthetists were so efficient, the medical department 
of the British army asked that English nurses be trained 
as anesthetists at the American hospitals and the work 
was instituted at General Hospital No. 16 under Captain 
Packard as lecturer, Miss Burkey and Miss Murphy 
instructing in practical anesthesia. In all, four Cana- 
dian nurses and eight English nurses were so trained, 
and later proved worthy pupils of the American unit. 

On July 20, 19 1 8, Miss Mary Cushen was trans- 
ferrd to A. E. F. No. 6 Evacuation Hospital. On July 9th, 
Miss Katherine Wolfe was transferred to the A. E. F. 
No. 34 Base Hospital. By this time we began to receive 
into the hospital as patients some of our own American 
boys from those divisions brigaded with the English. 

In July, 1919, the great united offensive under General 
Foch commenced. A great number of German prisoners 
came down and the great rush of work in caring for 
dysentery patients began, we having at one time under 



94 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

our care about five hundred of these patients. This put a 
good deal of strain on the food proposition in the pre- 
paration of starch diets, which was ably managed in 
the diet kitchen. The force, officers, nurses and men, 
of the contagious department by their steady, good 
work handled this epidemic very well. This work was 
not at all spectacular but deserves equal mention with 
that under fire. 

THIRD CASUALTY CLEARING TEAM 

In July, 19 19, another Casualty Clearing team was 
called for and Lieutenant Flick, Lieutenant Roberts, 
Miss Julia J. Ravenel and two orderlies formed the 
team. Miss Ravenel did good work and was well spoken 
of by members of the unit where she worked. They 
changed frequently as the line advanced toward the 
German line. 

THE MOBILE UNIT 

In September, 19 19, the Unit was asked to form a 
Mobile Unit to consist of seven officers, twenty nurses, 
and forty men, this mobile unit, No. 8, to be sent to 
A. E. F. for advance work. The unit was under Major 
Hodge and Mrs. Eden was appointed Chief Nurse. 
The names of the twenty nurses comprised in this unit 
are given on page 228. They were transferred to Paris 
and outfitted with all the necessaries of a travelling 
camp. The history of the Mobile Unit is given elsewhere. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 95 

To take the place of these twenty nurses, the matron- 
in-chief of the British army transferred to our unit 
twenty American nurses who had been distributed 
among the British units. These nurses were exceedingly 
glad to be united once more to their own country- 
women. 

THE INFLUENZA 

In the Fall of this year the influenza epidemic arrived 
and during some weeks it brought many of the men 
down from the lines and attacked in great numbers 
the nurses and personnel. Providentially the nurses all 
recovered, but during the epidemic four of our men 
died. A great toll was taken of the patients, the mor- 
tality being as great as that of the mustard gas attack. 
The work all the autumn was continuously heavy until 
November 10th, when we were told that the next day 
an armistice would be declared. 

THE ARMISTICE 

At eleven o'clock on the morning of November 1 ith, 
the church bells rang out the great news and it was 
characteristically celebrated all over the area. From the 
commanding officer of the area down to sickest patients 
in the hospital, celebrations were in order. A most 
remarkable parade was held — at its head the Com- 
manding Officer, Colonel Rennie, then the English and 
American officers, the American band, and following a 



96 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

conglomeration of persons in uniform, convalescent 
patients in blue hospital dress, and every known 
article upon which a noise could be made. This parade 
circled all around the camp and down into the village 
and pandemonium raged for a few hours. 

Gradually, from this period on, the convoys became 
less and less. Our patients were gradually transferred 
to England. The hospital became smaller and smaller, 
until by January, 1919, we were practically without 
patients. Then began the hardest period of the two 
years. With nothing to do the longing for home grew 
intense and the talk of America and when we would go 
home was the paramount subject. 

HOME AGAIN 

On February 13, the great good news was sent down 
that we were released by the British, and the order from 
American headquarters that we should proceed to the 
south of France to embark for America, was received. 
As the French would not take one hundred women on a 
train at one time, the unit was divided into squads of 
twenty and sent in five sections to Vannes. Each section 
was in charge of a section leader who was responsible 
for the arrival of the nurses, baggage, bags, and beds 
at the proper destination. This meant the embarking 
from Le Treport, arriving in Paris, transferring across 
the city of Paris and embarking for Vannes, a one-day 
and one-night journey. After the last section had 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 97 

departed, Miss McClelland and the Chief Nurse dis- 
mantled the nurses' mess, disposing of the furniture 
and clearing out the ten huts until nothing was left 
but the little stoves. The Chief Nurse and Miss McClel- 
land left Le Treport on the midnight train, February 
20th. After arriving in Vannes we were told there was 
not room for us and we were transferred to a monastery 
at Plouharnel, Brittany, from which the St. Louis unit 
had just gone. Here we were kept for two weeks, the 
time being occupied with sight-seeing and cleaning 
up the monastery. On the night of March 20th, the 
order came for transference to Brest for embarkation. 
After a very uncomfortable ride of eleven hours, from 
Plouharnel we arrived at Brest at 1 a. m. — the seem- 
ingly usual time to arrive anywhere in France. With 
hopes for embarkation for America the next morning, 
we were very much disappointed to find that we prob- 
ably would wait a considerable time in Brest. Here we 
were housed in huts each containing forty nurses. 
Accommodations were fair and had it not been for 
impatience and homesickness we would have enjoyed 
the stay. 

On April 1st, very suddenly, we were told we would 
embark in fifteen minutes and we were taken from 
Camp Kerhoun, where we were staying, to the wharf 
and found that thanks to our waiting we were fortu- 
nate enough to be sailing on the steamship Rotterdam — 
not an American transport. After a delightful trip of ten 



p8 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

days on which the nurses were again made much of by 
their fellow passengers the Rotterdam arrived in New 
York harbor and once more our home country was 
seen. 

On arriving in New York we were met by a military 
officer and with little or no trouble were transferred 
by a waiting boat to the Polyclinic Hospital of New 
York City. After an examination as to their physical 
condition, those nurses who were sick were transferred 
to the hospital and the others sent to the Holly Hotel. 
Here we were met by the military authorities and very 
expeditiously our financial difficulties were straightened 
out, our service papers looked over, and we were 
temporarily sent on leave awaiting official discharge. 

We were received most hospitably by the Red Cross 
of New York City and the nurses within three days 
were given their transportation to their own homes. 
After official settlement a bonus of $60 and all back 
pay was sent to each nurse along with her official 
discharge. Thus ended officially the Nursing Corps of 
Base Hospital No. 10. 

OUR GRATITUDE 

During the two years' service in France, serving under 
the two nations, caring for the sick and wounded of all the 
Allies, living under such abnormal conditions, restricted 
as to food and materials and much of the pleasures of 
life, the hours of worry, the hours of work followed by the 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 99 

equally difficult hours of leisure, the feeling of living 
in, but not of a country, the nearness to and daily 
familiarity with such intense suffering, bravely borne; 
the close contact with the friends and relatives of the 
dying soldier; the seeing the quiet, repressed sorrow 
with which they carried their burdens ; these impressions 
are serious and lasting. 

As we look back over this experience it is with a deep 
sense of appreciation that we wish to express to the 
commanding officers of the Unit, the members of the 
medical and surgical staff, and the personnel of 
the Unit, our thanks for the many courtesies shown, 
the many kindnesses, and above all the patience with 
which they endured our vagaries and idiosyncrasies. 

To the Home Unit of Base Hospital No. 10, U. S. A., 
that great organization which did so much for our 
pleasure and comfort, words are not big enough to 
convey our thanks. It was a powerful link to the home- 
land from overseas. 

Here, also, we wish to add a word in gratitude to 
that organization that so generously sent to the Unit 
such wonderful boxes of dressings so opportunely, as 
in the big push of 19 19 a consignment of twenty-three 
boxes arrived just in the beginning and carried us well 
through the push. 

To the many English and Scotch organizations that 
routinely sent supplies, and to the great American and 
British Red Cross Societies, we are deeply indebted. 



ioo PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

And now, after all its pleasures, its worries, its cares, 
the struggling with English Ration Money, The English 
Washing Allowances, the English Field Allowances, the 
problems of feeding i oo women with healthy appetites 
on rice, bully beef, rabbit stew and tinned milk, it is 
with much of regret and a tinge of sorrow that for the 
last time, we sign our official title, 

Margaret A. Dunlop, Matron , 

16 (Philadelphia, U. S. A.) 
G. H., B. E. F. 

Dictated 

General Headquarters, 
British Armies in France. 

i 8th January, 191 8. 

No 

My dear Matron, 

I am truly grieved to hear from Miss McCarthy, the Matron in 
Chief, that one of your sisters, Miss Fairchild, has just died at 
No. 16 (Philadelphia, U. S. A.) General Hospital. 

I must send you a few lines to show how deeply I sympathise 
with you and all your Staff and how I appreciate the fact that she 
has given her life for the British Army. 
Miss Dunlop, Yours sincerely, 

Matron, A. T. Howitt, D. G. 

No. 16 (Philadelphia, U. S. A.) General Hospital Le Treport. 

Le Treport, France. 

February 20, ioiQ. 
To Miss Dunlop: 

The Matron i6tb General Hospital. 
The Signal Staff at Le Treport feel they would not like to let 
you depart without an expression of their good will and gratitude 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 101 

for the many kindnesses shown to them by you, which will remain 
a very pleasant memory with us all. 

We heartily wish you Health and Happiness for the future. All 
good wishes and "bon voyage." 

H. A. Lodge, Supt. 
On bebalj of the Staff. 

COPY 

TROOP HEADQUARTERS 

5". 6". Rotterdam 

id April, 19 1 9 

Memorandum to All the Ladies in the Service of the United States 

Aboard the S. S. Rotterdam: 

Miss Margaret A. Dunlop is placed in charge of all ladies in the 
employ of the United States on Board this ship. (This to include 
Army Nurse Corps, American Red Cross, etc.) 

By order of Lt. Col. W. E. Downs: 

Walter V. Simon, 
1st Lieut., U. S. A., 
Adjutant 
Copy to Major Newlin, 
Base Hospital Unit No. 10. 

COPY 
TROOP HEADQUARTERS 

5. 5. Rotterdam 

April 10, 1919 

FROM: Lt. Col. W. E. Downs, Troop Commander, S. S. 

Rotterdam 
TO: Miss Margaret A. Dunlop, A. N. C, in charge of 

ladies aboard S. S. Rotterdam 
SUBJECT: Appreciation of work. 

1. I desire to express to you my sincere appreciation and 
gratitude for the highly satisfactory and very efficient manner 



102 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

in which you have discharged the duties devolving upon you as 
the one in charge of ladies aboard this ship. The co-operation of 
your department, always ready and willing, has done much to 
make the voyage the pleasant trip it has been. Your assistance 
in cases involving your department has been invaluable. Finally, 
the excellent organization which you have perfected, and the 
performance of this organization aboard this ship, reflects great 
credit both upon you and itself, and you are to be congratulated 
upon it. Please accept then for yourself and your organization, 
this expression of a very sincere appreciation which you richly 
deserve. 

W. E. Downs, 

Lt. Col., 52d Pioneer Infantry, 

Troop Commander 



AMUSEMENTS 

IN a community such as ours it was very necessary 
to find some amusements whereby the leisure hours 
might be occupied, and the nostalgia for home com- 
bated. The British Y. M. C. A. had a cinema hut 
as well as a smaller auditorium in which concerts and 
motion picture shows were given from time to time. 
Some of the concerts were quite good, notably those 
given by the Lena Ashwell Concert Company, con- 
sisting chiefly of comic and sentimental songs, and 
winning great applause from the hospital patients, 
enlisted personnel, nurses and officers, who used to 
crowd the benches. 

THE PADRE'S PARTIES 

The only other sources of entertainment up to and 
about Oct. ist, 191 7, other than foot-ball, base-ball 
and other outdoor games, which will be dealt with in 
another part of this book, were the Thursday night 
parties for the personnel of the Base Hospital, known as 
the Padre's Parties. 

These parties were held in the rear of the Church 

Hut, where the boys gathered as the guests of Dr. 

Jefferys, beloved by us all. At first the rear of the church 

was large enough, but very soon the parties became so 

103 



104 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

popular and the attendance was so large that Padre 
Jefferys finally asked for the use of the medical dining 
hall. " 

The entertainment at these parties was as follows. 
One, two or perhaps three of the officers would come 
and tell a story or series of stories, or sing a song. Then 
volunteers from the personnel would be called, and 
proved in almost every instance to have marked talent 
for entertaining. So from a body of men two hundred 
strong was found abundant talent of no mean calibre. 

The parties lasted about an hour and a half, then 
refreshments, consisting of cocoa, coffee, cake and 
cigarettes would be served by Miss Harter and Miss 
Farrell, assisted by six or seven of the nurses, who were 
invited each week by the Padre. 

After these parties had been running several weeks, 
depending entirely upon the talent that could be picked 
up at the moment, it was decided that a set program 
be given each week, the participants being those who 
had shown the greatest talent for entertaining. On or 
about the first of October, 1 9 1 7, the first so-called concert 
was given in the medical dining hall to the personnel, 
and consisted of the following program : 

Sgt. Bischoff Piano Solo 

Pvt. Walter Horstick. . . . Song 

- Pvt. David Chambers Monologue 

Pvt. Wm. Knapp Song 

Pvt. Cressy Buck and Wing Dancing 

Lt. H. B. Wilmer Song 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 105 

Pvt. Armstrong Dialect Stories 

Pvt. Marlyn Brown Recitation 

Pvt. Schein Dialect Stories 

This performance met with great success and many 
requests followed for a continuance of this sort of 
program. 

It was then decided that the talent that had been 
collected and tried out should also be used for the 
entertainment of the patients. Therefore a concert 
party was formed, composed of Sgt. Walter Bischoff, 
Pvts. Walter Horstick, David Chambers, Cressy, Arm- 
strong, Schein, Brown and Knapp. This group would 
collect at one of the wards, at the lequest of the nurse 
in charge or Padre Jefferys, and the piano would be 
moved there from the Church Hut by the "outside 
squad." The concerts lasted from an hour to an hour 
and a half. Occasionally patients would volunteer their 
talents and this form of entertainment seemed to please 
them and was found stimulating to the general morale 
of the entire camp. 

From time to time more talent was found and showed 
its willingness to aid. One particularly clever entertainer 
must be mentioned here who will need no introduction 
to the enlisted personnel, Corporal Walton, a member of 
the Royal Army Medical Corps. Corporal Walton was 
a magician of marked ability. His card tricks and the 
producing of eggs, animals, etc., from his cap were 
exceedingly well done. He would hold his audience 



io6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

spellbound for half an hour at a time, and there was 
always a yell for "more" when he finished. He was 
asked to join the concert party. 

Then there was found marked talent with musical 
instruments; the ukalele, banjo, guitar, and last but 
by no means least an old guitar with one string, which 
looked as though it had been over the top many times 
or had figured strongly in some retreat. However its 
musical tones can never be forgotten by those of us who 
heard it. It was played by Sgt. Ferry, who used a mess 
kit knife in a sliding motion up and down the lone string, 
and at the same time plucked it with a nail file. The 
sliding of the knife gave the typically mournful, but 
pleasant sound of Hawaiian music. He was listed as an 
added attraction. 

THE MINSTREL SHOW 

With all of this ability at our disposal it was now 
felt that it was high time to use it to more advantage, 
so a minstrel show was decided upon which was to last 
forty-five minutes and to be followed by six "special- 
ties." This show w T as planned to be given in the large 
moving picture theatre which was fitted with a stage. 
Rehearsals began with the following all-star cast: 
Pvt. Nelson Armstrong 



, End Men 
Cook Louis Schein. 

Pvts. Knapp, Horstick, Carroll, Chambers and 

Rowland Evans 

Cook Crowell 

Sgts. Wilfong and Price 

Lt. H. B. Wilmer Middle Man 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 107 

As the rehearsals were progressing a male quartet 
came into existence and was a feature of the minstrel 
show. The quartet was composed of Lt. H. B. Wilmer, 
Sgt. Price, Cook Crowell and Pvt. Rowland Evans. 

Finally in the latter part of November the show was 
advertised extensively, due notice given in daily orders 
and permission given by the Commanding Officer. 

The men's faces were blacked and the costumes con- 
sisted of the blue suits worn by the patients, large red 
ties and white shirts. The costumes could only be 
things easily gotten and inexpensive, as at this time 
there were no funds available for expenses. 

The fatal day came at last, and the show opened to a 
packed house at 2 p. m., the audience composed entirely 
of patients and nurses on night duty who could not be 
present at the evening performance. There was, with 
the players, the orchestra, composed of piano, three 
ukaleles, two mandolins and one banjo, under the 
direction of Sgt. Walter Bischoff. Immediately following 
the minstrel show, which was received with round 
after round of applause, the six "specialities" were 
presented, the program being as follows : 

Pvt. Diffendal Dancing Skit 

Pvt. David Chambers. .Monologue & Tumbling Sketch 
Selection by the Quartet 

Pvt. Carroll Dialect Stories 

Pvts. Knapp and Horstick Song and Dance Sketch 

Pvts. Armstrong and Silvernail Dialogue 



108 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

The entire program was received with great enthu- 
siasm and a request made for more engagements, which 
was granted. 

Three nights later the Concert Party was invited to 
present the show at the Tank Camp, B. E. F., about 
three miles away. Truck and busses were sent and the 
entire party transported, and the show given to the 
officers and enlisted men of that camp. Here another 
success was scored, and all felt the effort had not been 
made in vain. 

The ward concerts continued with success and the 
show which had just been produced gave more talent 
to draw on, and consequently the programs varied 
considerably. Impromptu concerts were given through- 
out the camp to the Convalescent Depot, Canadian 
Hospital No. 2, and in the Y. M. C. A. Croydonia Hut 
under the auspices of the chaufferines or lady ambulance 
drivers attached to the area. 

At this point permission was granted by the matron 
in charge to Miss Dardenne, Miss Moore, and Miss 
Replogle to sing in these concerts, thus adding another 
attractive feature. 

"odds and ends" 

On February 23d, 1918, "Odds and Ends" from the 
U. S. Army Nurse Corps was presented by the nurses, 
meeting with great success, the solos by Miss Replogle, 
Miss Dardenne and Miss Moore being exceedingly well 




The Nurses' Concert Troupe, Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, 
Base Hospital No. 10, at Le Treport. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 109 

done. The quartet selection given by Miss Moore, Miss 
Replogle, Miss Dardenne and Miss Loffgren brought 
great applause and Mutt and Jeff impersonated by Miss 
Ravanel and Miss McEIhenny will never be forgotten. 
The chorus work was excellent and the costumes most 
attractive. "Odds and Ends" was given three times, once 
to the patients, once to the Convalescent Depot and once 
to the officers and nurses of the area. It is needless to say 
that the stage entrance was packed with representatives 
of the Allied Armies in the form of ardent admirers. 

The quartet from this production on many occasions 
helped the Concert Party in the ward concerts and 
always carried away many honors. 

BAND ORGANIZED 

On the 26th of January, 19 18, it was learned that 
there were among the enlisted personnel eighteen men 
who had expressed a desire to organize a band, and were 
willing to devote their off time to learning music and 
mastering the different instruments. A meeting of the 
eighteen chosen members was called in the rear of the 
church Hut that same evening, and an organization 
formed under the leadership of Sgt. Walter Bischoff. 
Then the question arose "Where would the instruments 
come from?" It was decided that the only thing to do 
was to consult the Father of the Unit; hence the follow- 
ing morning Major Harte was approached with much 
trepidation. 



no PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

When the proposition was presented, the characteris- 
tic answer was given in three questions: "How much 
will they cost, how soon can they be gotten and how 
soon can the band play?" The answers to all these 
questions seemed satisfactory enough, because the 
order went forward that day to Boosey & Co., London, 
and in six weeks the instruments were in camp. 

Great excitement reigned at the unpacking, but the 
hearts of all sank when it was found that the base drum 
and cymbals had not arrived, the only instruments 
that could have been played. They followed soon how- 
ever, and practice started. At the same time mutiny in 
the camp almost ensued because of the noise and arrang- 
ing of details so that the band could practice. It was 
reported on several occasions that Colonel Hayes, com- 
manding 47 General, had been sent to No. 3 General 
owing to a nervous breakdown, as his quarters happened 
to be adjacent to the hut in which the practicing was 
done. 

Four weeks after the arrival of the instruments, the 
band assembled in front of the officers' quarters at 
5 p. m. and gave their first concert. The selections 
played were "Our Director," "The Long, Long Trail" 
and the National Anthem. Great enthusiasm ensued and 
we felt the band was fairly launched on a glowing 
career. It steadily improved from week to week and 
month to month until concerts were given, and after 
the armistice it played for dances over the entire area 




The band in repose. 




The band in action. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 in 

and several trips were taken to nearby camps. So the 
concert party had grown to great proportions. 

"WHAT HAPPENED TO JONES " 

During the time that the nurses were giving their 
performances and the band was being organized, 
rehearsals for a more pretentious production for the 
entertainment of the whole area were under way. This 
was a three-act farce, which had been rehearsing for 
six weeks under the direction of Pvt. Clarke Silvernail. 
"What Happened to Jones," by G. H. Broadhurst, 
was given on February 29th, 191 8. All the scenery was 
made and painted by Sgt. L. S. Ferguson, R. A. M. C, 
Pvt. L. O. Rowland, and Pvt. A. R. Daubenspeck, 
M. C, U. S. A. and the electrical effects by Sgt. H. C. 
Stanton. 

The question of finances arose, as there had to be 
stage fittings and costumes, so money was a crying 
need. A finance committee was appointed to raise 
sufficient funds to cover expenses, which were esti- 
mated at 1400 francs. It was figured out that by assess- 
ing the officers and nurses 5 francs each and the enlisted 
men 3 francs each the amount could be raised. This 
was done and in several instances officers gave 100 
francs, which procured a good working basis. 

The play was given in the Y. M. C. A. Croydonia 
Hut, which had a seating capacity when crowded of 
about 600. The play was given eight times to packed 



ii2 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

houses and was received with great enthusiasm. Three 
performances were for the officers and nurses and the 
other five for the patients and enlisted men. A volun- 
tary collection was taken up for the R. A. M. C. prison- 
ers of war and 975 francs were collected and turned 
over to the commandant of the area. 

At this point a tribute should be paid Madame and 
Mile. Fallet, who added so materially to the success 
of the production. Mile. Fallet's place on the program 
was between the acts, when she played a violin solo, 
accompanied by her mother. She was a graduate of the 
Conservatory of Paris and had received high honors 
from that institution. Needless to say her playing was 
greatly appreciated and considered one of the chief 
attractions by the whole audience. Mile. Fallet after- 
wards became one of the principal entertainers of the 
American Y. M. C. A. Both she and her mother took a 
keen interest in our efforts, and had it not been for 
their giving such great aid in procuring costumes in 
Paris, the play could never have been presented. 

Here too mention must be made of the orchestra, 
which consisted of twenty-two pieces with players of 
many nationalities. The brasses were played by the 
Belgians; violins by two chaufferines and Miss Taylor 
of the Canadian Red Cross, an Australian private and 
a R. A. M. C. sergeant; the piano by Sgt. Walter Bis- 
chofF, American; and last but not least, the leader was 
Captain Kinsella, R. A. M. C. 




The actors in "What Happened to Jones." 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 113 

So pronounced was the success of the play that a 
request came from Dieppe to repeat it there under the 
auspices of the British Y. M. C. A. Permission was 
granted to do this, so the company, with scenery, bag- 
gage etc., were loaded into trucks, and off they went. 

Arriving at the Bain Chaud, which was to be our 
theatre for the evening, it was found to the dismay of all 
that the scenery would nothing like fit the stage, owing 
to the fact that the ceiling in the hall was too high. 
Luckily, however, with what scenery our friends in 
Dieppe could provide and with the fixtures of our 
players, the stage was fitted up for the performance; 
only, however, after starting the work of rearranging 
early in the morning and finishing five minutes before 
the curtain went up. 

It was a gala event, all the notables of the area were 
there and the applause after the last curtain was tre- 
mendous. Following is a copy of the program. 

PROGRAM 
No. 16 (Philadelphia, U. S. A.) General Hospital 

AMATEUR DRAMATIC SOCIETY 

(By kind permission of Lieut.-Colonel 

M. A. DeLaney, M. C, U. S. A.) 

Presents Tonight, 

Thursday, 29TH February, 19 18, 

In the Croydonia Hut, Y. M. C. A. 

"WHAT HAPPENED TO JONES," 
An Original Farce in Three Acts, by G. H. Broadhurst 



ii4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Cast (In Order oj Appearance) 

Ebenezer Goodly, a professor in anatomy. .Sgt. George Wilson 

Mrs. Goodly, Ebenezer's wife Pvt. Marlyn Brown 

Richard Heatherly, engaged to Marjorie. .Corp. J. Carpenter 

Marjorie Goodly, Ebenezer's Daughter Pvt. L. H. Jones 

Helma, servant-girl Pvt. G. Sullivan 

Cissy, Ebenezer's ward Pvt. H. Grigg 

Minerva, Ebenezer's daughter Pvt. J. Diffendal 

Alvina Starlight, Mrs. Goodly 's sister 

Pvt. Maurice Du Marais 
Jones, who travels for a hymnbook house. . . .Pvt. G Silvernail 
Thomas Holder, a policeman, 

Sgt. J. A. Blanchfield (No. 2 Canadian Gen. Hospital) 
Antony Goodly, D.D., Bishop of Ballarat . . . Pvt. N. Armstrong 
William Bigbee, an inmate of the sanitarium, 

Sgt. G. Higgins (No. 3 Gen. Hospital) 
Henry Fuller, supt. of the sanitarium Sgt. W. McCahan 

Act I — Interior of the country house of Mr. Goodly. 

Act II — The Same. 

Act III — The Same. 

Orchestra under the direction of Captain Kinsella, R. A. M. C. 

March, "Sons of the Sea" Finch 

Valse, "La Fiancee" Hartz 

Gavotte, "Underneath the Stars" Spencer 

Fox Trot, "A Broken Doll" Tate 

"The Star Spangled Banner," "God Save the King." 

Play produced by Pvt. C. Silvernail, and staged by L. S. Fergu- 
son. 

Scenery painted by Sgt. L. S. Ferguson and Pvt. L. O. Rowland. 
Dresses supplied by Madame Fallet, Paris. 
Furniture by Monsieur Counil, Eu. 

Manager, Lieut. H. B. Wilmer, M. O. R. C, U. S. A. 
—Major G. W. Norris, M. O. R. C. 
—Rev. E. M. Jefferys, U. S. A. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 115 

Finance Committee — Miss E. M. Moore, U. S. A. 

— Sergeant J. Price, U. S. A. 

— Private F. J. Crowell, U. S. A. 
Stage Carpenter, Private A. R. Daubenspeck, U. S. A. 
Electrical effects by Sergeant H. C. Stanton, U. S. A. 

On March 13th, 191 8, after the performance of "What 
Happened to Jones" had been given in Dieppe, the 
following letter was received by Lieut. H. B. Wilmer, 
Manager : 

Lieutenant Wilmer, 

16 (Phila., U. S. A.) General Hospital, B. E. F. 

Dear Lt. Wilmer, 

The Mayor of Dieppe requests me to convey to you his con- 
gratulations and thanks for the performance of "What Happened 
to Jones," in the Bain Chaud last week. 

He desires me to assure you that it is a special gratification to 
have welcomed "Our excellent friends and allies, the Americans" 
to Dieppe. 

Yours Sincerely, 

J. Hastings Eastwood, 

Acting Dist. Sect. 

THE JAZZ BAND 

It was now decided to divide the entertainers into 
two organizations — a dramatic and a concert party, 
as in this way entertainments could be given more 
often. In other words, while the dramatic party was 
rehearsing the concert party could be producing and 
vice-versa. So it happened at this time that the concert 
party was ready with something new. "The Cowboys' 
Farewell, " a musical skit depicting a western round-up 



n6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

was given in the Easter season. This skit was composed 
and staged by Pvt. Clarke Silvernail and lasted 45 
minutes. It was followed by six vaudeville acts. 

In this performance the Jazz Band made its formal 
debut. Money which had been left over from the per- 
formance of "What Happened to Jones" was spent on 
extra musical instruments, strings, etc., making in all 
about 12 instruments. The members of the Jazz Band 
were: Pvt. Carroll, traps; Sgt. Ferry, violin or guitar 
which has already been described; Pvt. Evans, ukalele; 
Pvt. Jones, mandolin; Sgt. Price, mandolin; Pvt. 
Williams, bangorine; Corp. Moore, ukalele; Sgt., 
McMillan, ukalele; Pvt. Chew, mandolin; Pvt. Henley, 
mandolin and saxophone. 

This number was received with great applause, espe- 
cially by the Canadians and Americans. 

From this date on the Jazz Band was a drawing card 
in any performance. It was added to the program for 
the ward concerts, and it is needless to say brought a 
great deal of cheer and pleasure to the bed-patients. 

"The Cowboys' Farewell" and vaudeville acts were 
given for five afternoons and evenings. 

"officer 666" 

From this time until June 1st no performances of any 
kind were given except the ward concerts, and several 
concerts given in the Canadian Red Cross Hut for the 
Canadian patients; the reason for this being that there 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 117 

was greater activity on the front and convoys and 
evacuations interfered with rehearsals and perform- 
ances. About June 1st it was decided that another play 
should be given and "Officer 666" was chosen. 

Permission was granted by the Commanding Officer 
with the understanding that the performance was to pay 
for itself, and could not be staged by assessing the 
personnel. It was felt this could be done with the reputa- 
tion already made in the successful presentation of 
"What Happened to Jones," so rehearsals started. 
The 4th of July was settled upon as a fitting day for 
the opening performance, which was to be given only 
to the members of Base Hospital No. 10 and their 
guests. 

Here mention must be made of the method of finan- 
cing the play. A box-office, made of three ward screens, 
turkey red in color — this being chosen for conspicuous- 
ness — was constructed in the circle in the center of 
the camp. One thousand programs, attractively gotten 
up, were on sale here. The person purchasing a program 
was entitled to a seat for that evening's performance, 
the program being stamped with the date of purchase. 
No patient was charged for admission, but all officers, 
nurses and enlisted men of any organization were charged, 
and could not gain admittance without a program. 
The proceeds from the sale of programs, after the ex- 
penses were taken out, were to go to the R. A. M. C. 
prisoners of war, and were so advertised. The expenses 



n8 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

attached to the producing of the play were 1600 francs. 
This included scenery, which was made; costumes, 
which came from Paris; decorations and the expenses 
of our valued friends, Mme. and Mile. Fallet while with 
the performance. 

More than once it was decided that the play could not 
be given, as hardly a rehearsal passed without a convoy 
or evacuation taking away most of the performers. 
But by the sheer pluck and determination of everybody, 
the play was ready for presentation to the public after 
five weeks' rehearsing. 

On July 3d a dress rehearsal was given to the patients 
and was a great success. 

The first performance was given on July 4th, 191 8, 
to the entire personnel of the Base Hospital and its 
guests. Every seat was filled and the aisles were packed. 
The box-office had done a rushing business since 3.30 
in the afternoon, the sale of programs being as follows : 
to officers 5 francs, to nurses 3 francs and to enlisted 
men 2 francs. The guests of the Unit were all the notables 
of the area and commanding officers of the different 
organizations near by, also some of the members of 
the family of the Comte d'Eu. 

The play went off without a single interruption, and 
was received with great applause. Further success 
seemed assured in the attempt to give productions of 
this character. Seven performances had been adver- 
tised, and the play proved so popular that three 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 119 

extra performances had to be given that everyone 
might see it. 

The box-office did a thriving business and at the 
end of 10 days the receipts amounted to 2500 francs. 
After expenses had been taken out and 200 francs kept 
by the management for the purpose of buying new 
strings and incidentals for the concert party, and for 
staging another performance, or at least to give a small 
working capital, 800 francs were turned over to the 
A. D. M. S. to be sent to the R. A. M. C. Prisoners of 
War Fund. 

The American consul at Dieppe, Mr. Fairbanks, was a 
guest at the 4th of July performance. He was so pleased 
with the play that he asked permission from the C. O. 
to have it given in the theatre at Dieppe. The proceeds, 
after the expenses of the production there were taken 
out, were to be given to the French Prisoners of War 
Fund. Permission was granted, so on July 15th, 1918, 
the performers again started for Dieppe with all 
scenery, properties, etc. One evening performance was 
given. 

The play had been extensively advertised the week 
before by Mr. Fairbanks, and with the reputation so 
well established after the performance of "What 
Happened to Jones" still fresh in the minds of many 
people, we seemed assured of success. The orchestra 
for the performance was composed of 20 pieces and was 
under the direction of Captain Kinsella. Also Mile. 



120 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Fallet played the violin between the acts. The entire 
company, 40 in number, was transported by ambulance. 

It was indeed most gratifying, when the curtain 
went up, to see every seat and box filled, also the aisles 
crowded, and about 200 people not able to gain admit- 
tance at all. About half the theatre was filled with 
French people and for them a "Resume Francais" had 
been printed. 

Mile. Fallet was received with great applause and was 
one of the chief features of the evening. 

A collection, besides the sale of tickets, was taken 
up by Miss Fairbanks, the daughter of the mayor of 
Dieppe, and other ladies of the town who were friends 
of Miss Fairbanks. 

When the curtain went down on the last act the 
applause was tremendous and after each member of 
the cast had been introduced to the audience from the 
stage, the British Commanding Officer of the Dieppe 
Area made an address. He commended each member of 
the company for his excellent work and expressed his 
desire that other plays should be given. The mayor of 
Dieppe also made an address of welcome and thanks. 
Mr. Fairbanks responded to these addresses in behalf 
of the troupe. 

Two thousand francs were taken in at the door and 
from the collection, 1200 of which were placed in the 
hands of Mr. Fairbanks for proper disposal. The re- 
maining 800 were used to pay hotel and food expenses 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 121 

of the players, and some of this amount was put in 
the entertainment fund, thus bringing the fund up to 
approximately 500 francs. 

THE LAST ENTERTAINMENT 

In September, 19 18, the Concert Party gave another 
entertainment, this time in the Kursal, down in Le 
Treport. This performance was for the benefit of the 
French Hospital in the town, and consisted of a musical 
skit which lasted an hour. All the music was composed 
by Pvt. De Lon of the English Army, and all the lyrics 
were written by Pvt. Hanley of the U. S. Army. The 
leading role was taken by Miss Edith Moore of the 
U. S. Army Nursing Corps. 

This musical comedy was followed by five vaudeville 
acts, one being a skit depicting Russian peasant life, 
written by Pvt. LeCIereq. About 1400 francs were taken 
in and 1000 francs were handed over to the French 
Hospital. 

After this performance no more entertainments of 
this character were given, owing to the fact that the 
Unit was very much depleted of histrionic talent by 
the formation of a mobile hospital, which was sent to the 
American sector. 

After the armistice was signed dancing was allowed, 
so the band did heavy duty, being called upon every 
night to play at one camp or another. 

It might be interesting to state that approximately 



122 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

265 concerts, including ward concerts and concerts given 
outside the camp, and two three-act shows, were given in 
one year. 

HOLIDAY CELEBRATIONS 

The special days in the American year were duly 
marked as they came around. The first Fourth of July 
we felt a becoming modesty about celebrating in the 
midst of our whilom foes, but when Thanksgiving Day 
arrived we had an American football game by our men 
and Thanksgiving dinner for all. A pall was cast over 
the celebration by the death in the early morning of 
Private Kenneth B. Hay, the first of our number to die. 
His funeral on the following morning was attended by 
all the members of the Unit who could be spared from 
duty. 

When the Fourth of July, 19 18, arrived we felt we were 
on such pleasant terms with the British and French 
and they had shown us so much kindness that it was up 
to us to celebrate the day by showing some hospitality 
to them. A baseball game was organized between a 
team from an American camp in our vicinity and one 
made up from our men. Invitations had been sent out to 
the British and French authorities and officers in the 
vicinity inviting them to witness the game, and to a 
fete champetre to be held, as soon as the game was over, 
on the grounds of the hospital. Large marquees were 
erected and a British band kindly lent for the occasion 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 123 

played, while a collation a la Americain was served to 
our guests. The entire Unit had been working, decorat- 
ing the grounds, cooking, preparing suitable drinks, and 
for its credit it must be said that its efforts were crowned 
with success. American ice-cream and cocktails were 
served ad libitum and our Allies took to them most 
kindly. Among the guests the venerable Comte d'Eu 
was a conspicuous figure, accompanied by some French 
officers, and by the municipal officers of Le Treport. 

May 18, 19 1 8, the first anniversary of the departure 
of the Unit from Philadelphia, was celebrated by a 
family dinner of colossal proportions. 

THE BAND 

In concluding the history of the various organizations 
formed within the Unit to contribute towards its amuse- 
ment a few words more must be added as regards the 
Band. 

To its first director, Sergeant Walter A. Bischoff, 
belongs the credit of discovering the latent individual 
musical talent in the Unit and collecting it into a har- 
monious whole. It was a hard task and he met with 
repeated discouragements; but his cheerful persistency 
finally triumphed, and when he was obliged by ill-health 
to lay down the baton and return to the United States 
his success was universally acknowledged and his de- 
parture regretted. The members of the Band presented 
him with a very handsome ring in token of their esteem 



i2 4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

and Colonel Harte gave him the clarinet upon which he 
had played. 

Sergeant Bischoff was succeeded as band leader by 
Sergeant W. A. Rigdon, who had previously been leader 
of the band of the noth U. S. Engineers. Part of his 
musical education had been as a cornetist under Sousa 
and he had organized and was conductor of the Kansas 
City Band, which he accompanied in that capacity to 
the Mexican border. He was a wonderful performer on 
the silver trumpet cornet. Sergeant Rigdon had arrived 
at British General Hospital No. 16 as a patient and it 
was while convalescing from a serious surgical operation 
that he was called upon to replace Sergeant Bischoff. He 
took up the task with the greatest ardor and under his 
inspiring leadership the Band made rapid progress. So 
enthusiastic was he that he declined an opportunity for 
an early return to the United States in order that he 
might continue his work. When he finally was ordered 
home the entire Unit joined in bidding him a regretful 
farewell. 

Sergeant Rigdon was succeeded as director by Harry 
B. Thompson, who although one of the youngest men 
in the Band was its unanimous choice for the position, 
and thoroughly justified his selection. Under his direc- 
torship the Band achieved all that could have been 
hoped by those who had struggled for its development. 

The Band acquired in course of time a well stocked 
library of about three hundred selections of the latest 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 125 

scores. This was in charge of Sergeant William B. 
Smith and the Unit owes him its gratitude for the zeal 
and care with which he looked after it. In this connec- 
tion mention should be made of the kindly interest 
taken in the Band's library by Miss Rae Sawyer of 
New York, who generously stocked it with newest 
selections. 



THE PADRE AND THE UNIT 

ON Monday, April 30th, 191 7, Dr. Harte met 
Dr. Jefferys on Third St. with the causal 
remark, "Well, will you go with us?" To 
which Dr. Jefferys replied, "With whom, where?" Dr. 
Harte then said that the Base Hospital of which he was 
Director had been ordered out for Foreign Service 
and was to sail in a few days, that Dr. David M. 
Steele, the rector of St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, 
the chaplain, was ill, that Dr. Jefferys* name had 
been sent to the President for the vacancy and that his 
appointment was expected by wire at any moment. 
Dr. Jefferys agreed on the spot to go, and was com- 
missioned on May 3d "chaplain of a base hospital." 

The chaplain's first official duties were performed on 
the St. Paul, and consisted of religious services for 
passengers and crew. They were largely attended by 
both civilians and military. Dean Carrol M. Davis, 
chaplain of the St. Louis unit, was associated with our 
chaplain in these services. A daily evening service was 
held in the main saloon after dinner. On Sundays there 
were celebrations of the Holy Communion in the library 
and in the main saloon services with addresses. The 
chaplains also made sick-calls among the enlisted 

personnel on the voyage. 

126 




Padre Jeffervs. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 127 

Our chaplain was the second chaplain to reach France 
with the American Forces. Chaplain Peabody of the 
Harvard unit was the first. After Base Hospital No. 10 
took over 16 General Hospital (British) Dr. Jefferys 
was brought into close connection with the Chaplain's 
Department of the British Army. Besides the duties 
devolving upon him as chaplain of our organization, 
with its officers, nurses and enlisted men, he was made 
responsible for the Church of England work in the 
hospital, usually with the help of a British chaplain, 
but sometimes alone. In the Isolation Division for 
Contagious Diseases he had charge not only of the 
Church of England work but also of the Presbyterian 
and Non-Conformist patients. In this division he came 
in contact with many German prisoners, to whom he 
ministered spiritually and in other ways. The German 
translation of the American Prayer Book was of 
great assistance to him in his ministrations to the 
prisoners. 

The excellent organization of the Chaplain's Depart- 
ment of the British Army and the fact that its work is 
taken as seriously by the authorities as that of any 
other branch of the service made for efficiency. The 
department was under the direction of Chaplain 
General Bishop Taylor-Smith, in London, and of the 
Deputy Chaplain General and of the Principal Chap- 
Iain, in France. These three officers all held the rank 
of Major General. One cannot help contrasting this 



128 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

with the fact that the ranking chaplain of the American 
Army, Bishop Brent, was given the rank of Major. 
In the British Army, the chaplain could be protected 
by his well-organized department from interference in 
his work by superior officers of other corps. 

1 6 General Hospital was grouped with other hospi- 
tals, the group containing about nine thousand beds. 
The chaplain-group consisted of one Senior Chaplain, 
called the S. C. F. (Church of England), three other 
Church of England chaplains (British), one Church of 
England chaplain (Canadian), one Non-Conformist 
chaplain (British), one Non-Conformist chaplain (Cana- 
dian), one Roman Catholic chaplain (British), and one 
Roman Catholic chaplain (Canadian), and our Ameri- 
can chaplain. 

Every Monday morning the chaplains had a devo- 
tional meeting in the Church of England Hut, which 
was followed by a business meeting of the Church of 
England chaplains and the American chaplain, pre- 
sided over by the Senior Chaplain, who assigned to 
them their week's work. The group was often respon- 
sible for chaplain's duties in connection with military 
organizations located in or moving through our area. 
The group was also responsible for the work of chap- 
lains who were ill or on leave. In this way our chaplain, 
Dr. Jefferys, was assigned to duty with British Tanks, 
Australian Troops, British Labor Battalions in the 
Forest of Eu, General Hospitals 47 and 3, Canadian 






Padre Hoare. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 129 

Hospital 2, British Red Cross Hospital 10, and other 
organizations. 

The relationships between the chaplains or padres 
(as they were called in the B. E. F.) were cordial and 
pleasant and in consequence very helpful. The Senior 
Chaplain, Rev. A. C. Hoare, a famous Cambridge 
cricketer, was an Englishman of the finest type. He 
lived with us for more than a year, and won the hearts 
of all the members of our organization. Other padres 
who lived with us and endeared themselves to us were 
Mr. Gravell of the Church of England, Mr. Boyd 
and Mr. Lunn of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, 
and Mr. McNutt of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland. 
Rev. Claude Beckwith, the Church of England padre 
at 47 General, combined his religious services with ours 
for many months and was popular with all the Ameri- 
cans in the area. 

The greatest opportunities offered to army chaplains 
in France came to them while the men were in the 
hospitals or in the trenches. There was comparatively 
little a chaplain could do when troops were on the 
march. The hospitals perhaps presented the greatest 
opportunities of all. The men were then in a receptive 
mood and were often associated with the chaplains 
long enough and intimately enough for real results to 
be obtained. 

Our hospital-group was furnished with one Church 
of England Hut, one Roman Catholic Hut, one Cana- 



130 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

dian Red Cross Hut, three British Y. M. C. A. Huts, 
and one Salvation Army Hut. The Church of England 
Hut was part of the equipment of 16 General, and was 
put at the disposal of our chaplain for all his work, 
American and British. The Non-Conformist chaplains 
posted at 16 General also held their services in the 
Church of England Hut. The Church of England with 
the help of the Americans in the area built a commo- 
dious and handsome hut in 191 8. It was located between 
No. 16 and No. 47 General overlooking the Channel. 
The Church Hut was used not only for religious services 
but for a reading and writing room for patients and for 
educational and recreation purposes for the personnel 
of our unit. 

The religious services in the Church Hut were daily 
celebrations of the Holy Communion in the early 
morning and daily Evening Prayer. On Sundays there 
were celebrations of the Holy Communion, the Church 
of England Parade (compulsory for members of the 
Church of England in the army) and evening services 
which were voluntary. The senior Medical Officer of 
the district, Colonel Begbie, usually read the lessons at 
the parade service. The services were well attended, 
especially the voluntary evening services, often many 
being turned away on account of lack of room. There 
were extra services at Christmas, Thanksgiving, Memo- 
rial Day, Empire Day, in fact, on all American and 
British special days. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 131 

Besides the services in the Church Hut the chaplains 
held services from day to day in the wards or huts of 
the hospital. These services were greatly appreciated 
by the patients, eagerly looked forward to and asked 
for. It is safe to say that none of the patients who wished 
to receive the Holy Communion was disappointed. 
Our chaplain alone gave over six hundred clinic com- 
munions while at the hospital. In the afternoon the 
chaplains conducted short services of a popular charac- 
ter. Portable organs were used for this purpose, the 
patients singing heartily the familiar hymns. The 
chaplains also held services every Sunday in the Y. M. 
C. A. and Salvation Army huts for the personnel and 
the convalescent patients, and in the nearby camps for 
military organizations passing through or located in 
the district. 

The Church of England, Non-Conformist, Roman 
Catholic and American burials were usually separate, 
being conducted at different hours in the early morn- 
ing. The bodies were taken to the Military Cemetery 
in ambulances driven by women from the motor con- 
voy. Sometimes, always in the case of American burials, 
the chaplain headed the procession from the mortuary, 
and sometimes he met the funeral cortege at the en- 
trance of the cemetery. The burial party consisted of 
the chaplain, one or more officers and an escort of men 
under a non-commissioned officer. The men carried 
the coffins from the cemetery gate to the grave on their 



i 3 2 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

shoulders and then stood at attention during the ser- 
vice until taps or the last-post had been sounded. When 
an officer was buried as many officers as could be spared 
from the hospital were detailed for the escort. One of 
the most impressive funerals in our experience was 
that of Nurse Helen Fairchild who was buried on 
January 19th, 19 18. Every officer, nurse, motor-driver 
and enlisted man that could be spared from duty 
attended the service. Every hospital in the group was 
largely represented. 

According to the rules of the army, the educational 
and social work among the troops and their recreation 
are largely under the chaplain. Our chaplain and some 
of the nurses and officers were much interested in these 
matters and gave a great deal of time to them. The 
"Padre's Party," given every week, was a part of our 
routine. It consisted of refreshments when they could 
be had, dancing, vocal and instrumental music, recita- 
tions, legerdemain, wrestling and boxing. We also 
organized a successful Dramatic Club which gave many 
first-class performances, vaudeville, concerts and plays. 
Our chaplain also arranged every week ward concerts 
and other entertainments for the patients. The talent 
was supplied by French artists, Salvation Army ladies, 
the nurses, motor convoy ladies, the officers and men, 
and by the patients themselves. 

One of our officers gave a most scholarly and interest- 
ing course of lectures on French history with special 




Funeral service of Miss Helen Fairchild. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 133 

reference to the historical places in the vicinity of the 
hospital. These were largely attended and enjoyed by 
the members of our unit. One of the enlisted men gave an 
instructive series of talks on "Shakespeare in France." 
Other courses of lectures were arranged on labor and 
other social problems. Qualified officers also spoke regu- 
larly on the question of sex-hygiene. A reading and 
writing room was maintained at all times, sometimes 
under great difficulties. 

Out-of-door sports were encouraged whenever pos- 
sible. We had our cricket, football and baseball 
teams. There was much interest in hockey. The "annu- 
al" football match on Thanksgiving Day between the 
Medical and Surgical sections reminded us of olden 
times at school and college. Base Hospital No. 10 could 
boast of some football and cricket stars. It was rather 
a surprise to our English cousins that we could meet 
them on even terms in a cricket match. The officers 
and nurses played tennis nearly every day, weather 
permitting. There was some golf to be had also, on the 
links which had been used by hotel guests in the pre- 
war days. There were trout streams about Le Treport 
and our mess was sometimes enriched by a fine string 
of speckled beauties. 

The chaplains acted as chief censors, our chaplain 
and the two British chaplains who were usually with 
us each acting for a week at a time. About eight officers 
were detailed every week to help the chief censor. 



134 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Censoring was one of the most uninteresting things we 
had to do. When the hospital was full, and it was 
usually full or nearly so, the letters ran up into the 
thousands weekly. Some days more than a thousand 
letters had to be censored before we could go to bed. 
The chaplains also wrote hundreds of letters weekly 
for the patients to their people at home. They also 
ministered to the patients in various ways, from draw- 
ing pay for the British officers to buying cigarettes, 
fruit and chocolate for all. The chaplains were a busy 
lot, usually up by six in the morning and not in bed till 
late at night. 

The patients in the hospital were a never-ending 
source of interest. Every branch of the English-speaking 
race was represented. There were Americans from nearly 
every section of the United States, Englishmen, Scots, 
Irishmen, Canadians, New Zealanders, Australians, 
South Africans, West Indians, men from the Channel 
Islands, and from nearly every other portion of the 
British Empire. In the Isolation Division we had 
women patients too, V. A. D.'s, W. A. A. C/s, nurses, 
Red Cross workers, and motor drivers. Officers were 
also admitted to the Isolation Division. 

The endurance and patience of these men and women, 
sometimes during the most appalling and excruciating 
pain that can be imagined, won the approval and ad- 
miration of all who came in contact with them. The 
American doughboy, the English Tommy, the Jock, 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 135 

the Ausie, and all the others made up a heroic body 
such as the world has seldom known. The patients we 
had were calculated to make one proud of belonging to 
the English-speaking race. Perhaps their chief character- 
istic was their ability to laugh and joke under any and 
every circumstance. It was not uncommon even when 
stretchers were being brought in after one of the great 
offensives for some grimy and blood-stained figure to 
lift itself from a stretcher and "get off" some dry bit 
of humor which would send a ripple of laughter all 
down the line. They were a lovable lot, and we loved 
them. There were nearly fifty thousand of them, and 
most of them were splendid fellows. 



AT BRITISH CASUALTY CLEARING 
STATIONS 

THE British Army medical service had estab- 
lished a number of Casualty Clearing Stations 
a few miles behind the front line along the entire 
western front. These were tent hospitals destined to 
receive the wounded as soon as possible after they had 
received the first aid attention at the dressing stations 
in the trenches or their immediate vicinity. They were 
admirably adapted for their purpose, as may be seen by 
consulting the scheme of C. C. S. No. 61 (seepage 152). 
The tents were large marquees which could be closed 
and kept warm by means of stoves in cold weather, or 
rendered very cool and pleasant in warm weather by 
raising the side walls. The rows of tents were separated 
by side streets, down the centers of which ran well laid 
duckboards, or wooden walks. The operating theatre 
was usually placed in a corrugated tin hut and was 
amply equipped with all the necessary surgical instru- 
ments, sterilizers, and dressings. 

Attached to each C. C. S. there was a staff of medical 
officers, nursing sisters, orderlies, and stretcher bearers. 
The medical officers attended to all the routine work 

and dressed the patients, also operating when necessity 

136 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 137 

demanded it, but the greater part of the operative 
work was performed by the surgical teams, which 
were attached temporarily to the C. C. S. during times 
when the work was heavy. The permanent staff, besides 
the administrative officer or C. O., included a roentgen- 
ologist and a pathologist, and consisted usually of ten 
or twelve officers. The number of operating or surgical 
teams attached varied with the requirements of the 
situation from three or four, to eight or nine. The C. C. S. 
were generally grouped in areas to which were attached 
a surgical and medical, and an eye, ear, nose and throat 
consultant. Patients were brought to them by ambu- 
lance, and were always evacuated either to a base 
hospital or back to the line, as rapidly as possible. 
Hospital trains were run up as near as possible to 
where the stations were established and frequently 
patients were placed on the trains directly from the 
operating room for transference to a base hospital. 

As will be seen from the plan the tents in the C. C. S. 
were arranged in such a manner as to expedite and 
facilitate the movement of the seriously wounded. On 
arrival every patient was taken first to the reception 
tent where the necessary record of the man's entry was 
made. The patient was then taken to the dressing 
room where he underwent a thorough examination. 
Cases requiring immediate operation were carried 
to the preoperation tent, those who were in a con- 
dition of shock or moribund were taken to the resus- 



138 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

citation ward, where they were kept until they had 
reacted sufficiently to permit of operation, or had died. 
The remainder of the cases were distributed to the 
tents appropriate for their reception. In the preopera- 
tion ward the patients were prepared for immediate 
operation and when ready were taken directly to the 
operating table. The great majority of the operations 
were for the removal of fragments of shell or other 
missiles, amputations of shattered limbs, and abdominal 
operations for the repair of wounds of the viscera. 

The surgical teams sent by base hospitals for tempo- 
rary service at the C. C. S. consisted of one operating 
surgeon, an anesthetist, a nurse and an orderly. Each 
team was assigned a table in the operating theatre, 
and the work of operating was divided so that each 
shift had its due share of time on and off. There were 
usually six or seven tables, sometimes more, and during 
active times they would all be in active use during 
every hour of the twenty-four. The work was very 
hard during such times but there were many days in 
between on which there was absolutely nothing to do. 
These were fully occupied in watching all the interest- 
ing doings which were going on continuously in such 
close proximity to the front. At night the C. C. S. were 
kept in absolute darkness because of the danger from 
overhead bombing. Dugouts were constructed in which 
those who were not on duty could take shelter. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 139 

TWO TEAMS ORGANIZED 

The C. C. S. in Flanders were located at various 
places which were given imaginary but appropriate 
names. Thus our first two teams were sent respectively 
to Dosingham and Bandageham where were located in 
hither to unnamed fields C. C. S. No. 61 and C. C. S. 
No. 4. Orders had been received shortly after the Unit 
was installed at Le Treport to make up two surgical 
teams for service at casualty clearing stations and to 
have them in readiness for a call. The teams having 
been chosen they were sent to Abbeville to receive instruc- 
tion in the use of the gas mask. This only occupied one 
day, and at the same time each member was given a 
mask to take along. Finally on Saturday afternoon, 
July 21, the expected orders arrived and two teams 
were despatched. 

The teams were composed as follows: (1) Major 
R. H. Harte, Captain Norris W. Vaux, Miss Helen 
Fairchild, Private John A. Marren. (2) Captain 
Charles F. Mitchell, Captain Francis R. Packard, Miss 
Grace McClelland, Private Seward W. Jabaut. 

THE TRIP TO THE FRONT 

The start was made at 6 p. m. in two ambulances 
driven by chaufferines, as the women of the motor 
convoy attached to the hospital area were termed. 
Passing through Abbeville they stopped for the night 
at Hesdin, an old town which it may be recalled was 



i 4 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

besieged and obliged to surrender to the forces of 
Charles V, in 1553. Ambroise Pare, the famous French 
surgeon was among the prisoners, and he has left us a 
vivid picture of the miseries undergone by the garrison 
before they were obliged to yield. 

At Hesdin the provost-marshal made the chaufferines 
return to Le Treport and gave the teams two ambulances, 
each provided with two soldiers as chauffeurs. The 
women were bitterly disappointed and made vehement 
but unavailing appeals that they might be allowed to 
continue the journey to the front. Their disappoint- 
ment was subsequently aggravated by learning that 
another team which had left No. 3 Hospital at Le Treport 
at the same time had taken a different route, and not 
having been detected by any observant provost-mar- 
shal had succeeded in driving all the way to the C. C. S., 
although they were packed off home at the earliest 
possible moment by the horrified C. O. and rated 
roundly for their temerity. 

The next morning the teams pursued their journey, 
passing through St. Omer, Cassel, Steenwoorde and 
Poperinghe, and finally arriving at their destinations, 
two C. C. Ss\ adjoining one another and situated very 
near to an ancient convent of Trappist monks, who in 
their white stoles and hoods, with bare sandalled feet, 
forcibly recalled the pictures in the Ingoldsby Legends. 
The trip was full of interest, increasingly so as the 
Front was approached. Troops of all arms, and all the 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 141 

Allied nations, British, Canadian, Australian, East 
Indians, French, Portuguese, Chinese and Jamaican 
labor battalions, trains of motors bearing pontoon 
boats, artillery and munition trains, all moving along 
in steady streams, while over on the horizon could be 
seen the white little fleecy clouds of shell bursting over 
the Front, and the huge observation balloons, or sau- 
sages, swinging lazily in the bright sunshine of a 
cloudless day. Poperinghe, a large town, was full of 
animation. It had been and continued to be extensively 
shelled, notwithstanding which many of the civilian 
population remained and the usual Sunday afternoon 
out-of-doors of the French was being enjoyed to the 
utmost. 

For some days the teams had nothing to do but walk 
about and familiarize themselves with their surround- 
ings, but on the night of the 31st after a terrific barrage 
they were on duty for twenty-two hours continuously 
and thereafter there were but few days of intervals 
between these periods of active work. During August, 
September and October the British were engaged in 
active operations on the Belgian front endeavoring to 
drive the Germans back from Pilken, St. Julien, and 
Paschendaale, and as the ground was well fortified 
and stubbornly defended the casualties were heavy. 
Each C. C. S. of the three in the group in which were 
included Nos. 4 and 61 was supposed to receive 250 pa- 
tients in turn, but it frequently happened that before the 



142 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

250 were disposed of the other stations would be filled 
and the first one would have to begin again to receive. 

BOMBED BY GERMANS 

All three C. C. Ss.', Nos. 4 and 61, at which our teams 
were and No. 47 which adjoined them, were bombed on 
several occasions by German planes. The first night on 
which this occurred, Major Charles J. Biddle of the 
U. S. Aviation Corps, but at that time in the French 
Aviation Service, was at the C. C. S. No. 61. His plane 
had developed some engine trouble while flying over 
the German lines and he had managed to plane back 
into friendly territory, landing at an English airdrome 
in our neighborhood. He had been told that there 
were American officers at the C. C. S. and had walked 
over there and to his surprise found four friends from 
Philadelphia. 

In his interesting book, "The Way of the Eagle," 
Major Biddle has given the following account of what 
took place on the evening he passed with them : 

"Dr. P — told me the Boche had bombed the hospital 
two out of the last three evenings. At first they thought 
it a mistake, but when they kept it up it became 
apparent that there was no mistake. This is a big field 
hospital in white tents and lots of red crosses plainly 
visible. I have myself seen it from the air and you can 
see it more distinctly than anything in the neighbor- 
hood. A couple of days before, a bomb had landed on 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 143 

a cook shack about twenty yards from Dr. P — *s tent. 
The cook's leg came through the roof of the tent next 
door and the guy-ropes of Dr. P — 's tent were decorated 
with his entrails. Nice party, don't you think? Another 
bomb landed right alongside of the tent occupied by 
D — and V — . Luckily they had just answered a special 
call to operate that night and were not in their tent. A 
piece of bomb went through one of their pillows where 
one or the other, I have forgotten which, had just been 
sleeping. Their clothes were blown all over the lot and 
D — exhibited numerous holes in the seat of his pants. 
Luckily he had not been in them at the time. 

"We stood around after supper at the time when 
brother Boche usually came along and waited for him 
to put in an appearance. We had not long to wait. 
Pretty soon we could hear his motors humming up in 
the sky and dozens of searchlights began to look for 
him. They picked up one of the raiders and the show 
beat any Fourth of July celebration you ever saw. The 
machine showed clear and white in the glare of the 
searchlights. It was a dark night but very clear, with 
millions of stars. On every side were the muzzle flashes 
of the anti-aircraft guns, the sky was filled with the 
flashes of the bursting shells, and the two seemingly 
joined by streams of tracer bullets from machine guns. 
These latter look much like Roman candles except 
they go much faster and keep on going up for thousands 
of feet instead of stopping short like the ball from a 



144 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

candle. Add to this the roar of the guns and bursting 
shells and you can imagine what a quiet evening in a 
field hospital back of the front line is like. The one 
Boche that we could see was driven off, but pretty 
soon we could hear others coming and this time so 
high up that the searchlights could not find them. 
As we stood there listening the sound of the motors 
seemed to have almost passed over us, when suddenly 
siz-bang-bang, and five or six bombs landed plumb in 
the camp. We threw ourselves flat for a moment and 
then went to see what had happened. You could hear 
cries coming from the direction where the bombs had 
fallen and the air was filled with dust and smoke. One 
bomb which fell within about seventy-five yards of us 
killed three men and wounded about six. Another lit 
right in a ward — imagine the effect when it was full of 
wounded soldiers !" 

In the course of one of these bombing episodes Miss 
McDonald, a nurse with a team composed of Major 
George E. Brewer and Captain Woolsey, of New York, 
which was on duty at No. 61, had her eye put out by a 
shell fragment. She was occupying the tent with Miss 
McClelland. The latter was fortunately not hit but 
had a very narrow escape. 

CHANGES IN PERSONNEL 

On August 12, Private Marren returned to Le Tre- 
port, being replaced by Sergeant H. C. Stanton. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 145 

On August 17, Major Harte and Miss Fairchild 
returned to Le Treport, Captain William Drayton and 
Miss Florence Wagner replacing them at C. C. S. 4. 

The American officers had the melancholy privilege, 
on August 30, of demonstrating their friendship and 
respect for Sir William Osier by attending the funeral 
of his son, Lieutenant Revere Osier, who died of wounds 
on that day. 

On September 1 8, Captains Vaux and Drayton, Miss 
Wagner, and Sergeant Stanton left C. C. S. No. 4 for 
Le Treport. Captains Mitchell and Packard, Miss 
McClelland and Private Jabaut remained at C. C. S. 61 
until October 6, when they were relieved by Major 
John H. Gibbon and Captain Arthur Newlin, Miss Eva 
Gerhard, and Private Myron W. Kirkbride. They 
remained at C. C. S. 61 until December 5th, when they 
returned to Le Treport, no more surgical teams being 
required during the winter season. 

OUR BRITISH ASSOCIATES 

A word must be said of some of the British officers 
with whom the Americans were associated on this ser- 
vice. Colonel Turner, the C. O., and Major Tabauteau, 
operating surgeon at No. 61, both officers of the British 
regular Army, were most kind in all their relations with 
the Americans sent to them. To Captain A. Heeley 
Brindley, quartermaster, and Captain C. W. T. Bald- 
win, surgeon, two officers attached to the permanent 
10 



i 4 6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

staff of C. C. S. 61, the Americans owe a great debt of 
gratitude for their uniform kindness and courtesy, 
and with them they established a warm friendship. 
Both delightful men, their companionship was an 
inestimable boon. Two other Englishmen to whom 
they became greatly attached were Captain Ander- 
son and Lieutenant Council, who composed the surgical 
team sent up from No. 3 Hospital at Le Treport at 
the same time as the Americans from No. 16. This 
pleasant association continued after they had all 
returned to Le Treport. 

C. C. S. STATISTICS 

Casualty Clearing Station Team No. 1, at C. C. S. 
No. 4, B. E. F. operated on a total of 302 cases 
during the period from July 22d to September 1 8th, 
sixteen of these cases being operated on at C. C. S. 
No. 61, during the period when C. C. S. No. 4 was 
temporarily closed, the remainder at No. 4. 

CASUALTY CLEARING STATION TEAM NO. 2, AT C. C. S. 
NO. 6l, B. E. F. 

Number of days spent at No. 61, C. C. S 76 

Number of operating days No. 61, C. C. S 52 

Number of days no work 24 

Total number of patients operated on 383 

Total number of operations 666 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 147 

TOTAL OPERATIONS PERFORMED AT NO. 6 1 

By Team 
from No. 10 

July 22d to July 31st, 191 7 200 23 

August, 1917 1 133 170 

September, 1919 1023 168 

October 1-5 200 22 

2556 383 

TWO MONTHS AT CASUALTY CLEARING 
STATION NO. 61 

BY JOHN H. GIBBON, M. D. 

ON the morning of October 5th, Commanding Officer 
Lieutenant-Colonel DeLaney, Captain Newlin, 
Miss Gerhart, Private Kirkbride and I started out from 
Le Treport in an ambulance for C. C. S. No. 61, situated 
a little above Poperinghe in that small corner of Belgium 
which the Allies still held, to relieve the surgical team 
(Captains Mitchell and Packard, Miss McCIellan, and 
Private Jabaut) from No. 10, which had been there for 
three months. 

After a most interesting trip, which gave us our first 
view of the activities going on in the advanced area, we 
reached No. 61 just after sundown and found it any- 
thing but attractive. The country was flat and the mud 
was ankle deep, except on the macadam roads. The hospi- 
tal was composed of a few Nissen huts and many tents. 



148 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Creature comforts were notably absent and the environ- 
ment was depressing. After dinner in the mess tent we 
paid a visit to the Nissen hut, which was known as "the 
operating theatre, " and which contained five operating 
teams at work with the floor covered with wounded 
men on stretchers awaiting their turn for an operating 
table. This view gave me for the first time in my life 
an impression of what the layman's idea of surgery is. 
Never before had surgery seemed so unattractive to me. 

The next morning Colonel DeLaney left with the 
old team, glad to start out for the peace and comfort 
of Le Treport, which would appear like a haven of rest 
after three months at No. 61. 

Newlin and I started to work promptly that morning 
with the intention of trying to keep up the good repu- 
tation which the preceding team from No. 10 had estab- 
lished. This meant work, for "Mitch" and Packard had 
impressed the commanding officer, Colonel Turner, and 
their British colleagues with the idea that Americans 
would rather work than eat. The fact is they were thought 
a little peculiar because they showed an inclination to 
continue working during the tea hour. We also found 
that our predecessors had a reputation for beginning 
their work on the minute and often working over into 
the next shift. Their zeal for work and their amiability 
caused them to be greatly missed and we, their succes- 
sors, wondered whether we would be able to live up to 
the standard they had set. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 149 

So much has already been written and published 
about the work of a C. C. S. — the long operating 
hours — crowded operating rooms — distressing wounds 
— the suffering of the brave Tommies — the long, 
crowded ambulance trains that carried away the large 
majority of the patients within a few hours after their 
operations— the method of separating the different 
types of wounded and the other phases of the opera- 
tion of an advanced hospital — that it seems to me 
unnecessary to repeat it here. 

Our team arrived at No. 61 at a busy time and our 
initiation into the work was prompt and complete. On 
three of our first five days we were at work in the 
"theatre" sixteen out of the twenty-four hours, twelve 
hours being the normal shift, with the necessary time 
out for meals. The amount of work to be done varied 
very much, however, and there were days when we did 
but few operations in the twelve hours. Such days were 
welcome because one had some opportunity of giving 
his patients a little study before operating upon them. 
Just before our return on December 4th, we had about 
ten days when no wounded were received at No. 61 and 
these were the hardest of our sojourn. Time hung heavy 
on our hands and our thoughts were constantly of 
those at Le Treport and at home. Shortly before leaving, 
wounded were again received at our station, but never 
again in the crowds that we had witnessed in the early 
weeks of our stay, when the offensive was at its height. 



150 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

The horrible wounds, the suffering, the high mortal- 
ity, tended to depress one and this was added to at 
night by the disturbing visits of the Hun planes. During 
our off hours in the day time, our only diversion was 
walking and, as the roads were bad and usually filled 
with motor trucks and artillery, there was no great 
pleasure in walking. The one-track line of railroad which 
carried ammunition to the front was our favorite prome- 
nade. The little town of Poperinghe, about three miles 
behind, was often an objective, but when reached 
offered little pleasure, as it was always jammed with 
troops. Nearly every night shells passed over our heads, 
bound for this little town. At first we found this rather 
disturbing, but later became accustomed to it and 
trusted that none of the shells would fall short of the 
target. 

No. 6 1 was one of those unfortunate hospitals which 
was frequently the scene of the most distressing sight 
which human eye can witness, that is the re-wounding 
and killing of already wounded men by an enemy's 
bomb dropped suddenly in the dead of night. There was 
hardly a moonlight night that the Hun did not visit 
our neighborhood and drop bombs, but only on one 
occasion during our stay was our hospital hit. Six 
patients and an orderly were killed. Two of the patients 
were Germans and all had been operated upon a few 
hours before. 

During the last few weeks of our stay, Newlin and I 




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a 

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J-H 



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PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 151 

slept below the level of the ground in shallow graves, 
two by six feet by eighteen inches deep, which were 
dug through the floor of our tents, and when the anti- 
aircraft guns were shooting and particles of the exploded 
shells were falling, we partly closed over us a section 
of the floor of the tent which was hinged and which had 
a piece of sheet iron nailed on the under side. This does 
not sound like very comfortable sleeping quarters, but 
as a matter of fact it was much warmer and much safer 
than the floor of a tent. 

Two very definite impressions were made upon me 
during the two months I spent at No. 61. One was the 
dogged perseverance of the British and their wonderful 
organization for handling wounded troops. The other 
was the fortitude and bravery of the women nurses. 
Night bombing is a terrifying thing and those who are 
not disturbed by it possess unusual qualities. It was 
terrifying to Tommies and officers alike, but I believe 
that the women nurses showed less fear than any one. 
Our own nurse, Miss Gerhart, really seemed to enjoy 
her experience and I think was the only one who had 
any regret at leaving No. 61. She was always cheerful 
and always working. She was liked by the British, both 
men and women, who at first called her the "American 
Sister, " but later spoke of her less respectfully, but more 
affectionately, as "Cat-Gut- Katie," a sobriquet which 
I think had its origin with my distinguished anesthetist. 

Last fall, just two years after our activities in this 



152 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Clearing Station, I had an opportunity to visit it 
again, when I found only a few of the metal huts 
standing, but was able to locate the nurses* dug-out, 
and the holes in the ground where we had slept. The 
scene about the neighborhood represented a peace and 
quiet that seemed out of place when I remembered 
what the same neighborhood was like two years before. 

PLAN OF CASUALTY CLEARING STATION 
No. 6i,B. E. F. 

HOSPITAL ARRANGEMENTS DURING ACTIVE OPERATIONS 

A GENERAL plan of the Camp is hung up in the 
office and receiving room and wards and all officers 
and N. C. O's. will make themselves fully acquainted 
with it in order to ensure the smooth working during 
active operations. 

It will be observed that the area of the Hospital for 
dealing with sick and wounded is limited by the road 
dividing the camp transversely, the part on the far 
side from the entrance being reserved for infectious 
cases and personnel. 

That part of the hospital for dealing with sick and 
wounded is divided into halves by the broad duck- 
board walk. 

Each row of tents is numbered, the odd numbers on 
the left and the even numbers on the right of the path, 
commencing from the entrance. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 153 

In addition the rows of tents are designated according 
to the purpose for which they will be used thus : 





LEFT 




RIGHT 


I. 

3- 
5- 

7- 


Reception 
Dressing 
Preoperation 
Operating theatres 
and sterilizing room 


2. 
4. 
6. 
8. 


Evacuation (lying) 
Evacuation (lying) 
Dispensary 
Resuscitation 


9- 


Acute surgical 


10. 


Dining hall 


11. 


Officers 


12. 


Sitting evacuation and 
Germans 


13- 


Gassed and chest cases 


14. 


Sitting evacuation 


i5- 


Reserve 


16. 


Reserve 


17. 


Eye, dental and ordi- 
nary sick or lightly 
wounded fit to return 
to duty in few days. 


18. 


S. I. W. 



Receiving Room. Cases are received in this room 
and records taken, then passed into dressing room. 

Dressing Room. This is equipped with six tables for 
dressing cases, each table being self-contained as re- 
gards requirements. Here cases are seen by M. O. who 
will divide them into: 

1. Cases for immediate operation. (Passed straight 
to preoperation ward. No dressing.) 

2. Cases for resuscitation ward. (Passed straight to 
resuscitation ward. No dressing.) 



154 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

3. Cases for acute surgical and chest ward not im- 
mediately operable. (Straight to acute surgical and 
chest wards. No dressing.) 

4. Cases for dressing and evacuation. (Dressed and 
passed to wards 2 and 4. Or as notified if these are 
full.) 

5. Officers. All sent to officers' ward but first 
dressed if coming under 4 and 1. 

Preoperation Ward. Cases will here be prepared for 
the theatre. All cases will have their clothes removed. 
The amount of actual preparation of the wound will 
be decided by the M. O. 

Operating Theatre. Two theatres, one in a hut con- 
taining five tables, the other in a tent containing two 
tables, with the sterilizing room between them. Cases 
with gas infection will for preference be sent to the 
tent theatre. 

Operation Books. Each surgeon is responsible for 
seeing that the details of cases operated on by him are 
entered in the books, two of which are kept in the large 
theatre and one in the small theatre. Entries are to be 
made on the Field Medical Card in the theatre and 
signed by the surgeon performing the operation. 

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 

Special Treatment Slip. No case will leave the dress- 
ing-room without the slip being completed so far as it 
applies. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 155 

Field Medical Cards. Officers will take particular care 
to ensure that the Field Medical Cards are correctly 
completed and signed. It is of the utmost importance 
that any change of diagnosis from that made by the 
medical unit sending in the case to this C. C. S. should 
be reported at once to the office. 

The classification of the casualty, i.e., battle casualty, 
accidently wounded, or sick, must invariably agree with 
the diagnosis made. Occasionally the diagnosis "crushed" 
or "buried by shell" is made in a Field Ambulance. 
This should be altered and the diagnosis made in accord- 
ance with the printed classification kept in the dressing- 
room, to the actual injury found, e.g., "contusions." 

No case must go down to the Base without a diagno- 
sis being shown, no case to go down N. Y. D. 

"C. D." in large black letters must be entered on the 
envelope of the Field Medical Card of patients under- 
going Carrel-Dakin treatment, in the blank space for 
entry of remarks. 

Anti-tetanic Serum. In every case arriving at this 
C. C. S., it will be ascertained if the patient has received 
anti-tetanic serum. Cases which have not had the 
serum or where there is a doubt as to whether it has 
been given will receive it before leaving the dressing- 
room. A. T. indicating that A. T. S. has been given 
will be marked on the back of both wrists. 

Minor cases requiring gas, etc., can be dealt with in 
the dressing-room. 



156 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Duties. The M. O.'s doing duty in the dressing-room 
are responsible for the patients in wards 2, 4, and 8. They 
will see that no case from the evacuation ward is put 
on the train unless in a condition to travel and will also 
see that cases requiring it are redressed before being 
evacuated. They will send cases from here to any of the 
other wards should they think necessary. 

In regard to patients sent direct to wards 8, 9, 11 
and 13 before being through the theatre the Medical 
Officers in charge will request any one of the surgeons 
on duty to see the case should they deem it necessary 
before sending it to the theatre. 

Cases in Retention Wards. A card showing the sur- 
geon's number is hung at head of bed of patients that 
have been operated on. The surgeon who performed the 
operation should be consulted if necessary as to further 
treatment. 

X-Ray Cases. The left hand side of A. F. W. 3172 
(a supply of which is kept in dressing-room) must be 
completed by the M. O. sending a patient for x-ray. 
This form when completed must be sent to x-ray 
department that it may be known there what cases are 
waiting for treatment. If a case is sent from the dressing- 
room an X will be marked on the treatment slip. Where 
possible and likely to be of value in the further treat- 
ment of the cases the x-ray slates will accompany 
patients evacuated to the Base. 

To economize the time of the radiographer the follow- 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 157 

ing types of cases are suggested as suitable for x-ray 
examination. Cases going to the preoperation ward 
should be selected : 

1. Head cases with fracture or suspected fractures. 

2. Severe chest cases with lodging missile. 

3. Abdominals with lodging missile or suspected 
abdominals with wound of lower part thorax and 
through buttock or back. 

4. Knee-joints with lodging missile or suspected 
fracture. 

Chest Cases Including Lethal Gas Cases. An officer 
is appointed especially to look after these cases. 

Surgical Instruments. A supply of surgical instru- 
ments will be arranged as follows : 

Two trays of instruments will be allotted to each 
table. These trays will contain the essential instru- 
ments for any operation, that is, knives, scissors, dis- 
secting forceps, pressure forceps, etc. 

When an operation is completed the tray containing 
the dirty instruments will be exchanged for a tray of 
clean instruments in the sterilizing room. 

Special Instruments. Two sets of special instruments 
e.g., amputation, head, abdominal, bone, will be kept 
ready for use in the theatre. After use these instruments 
will be taken to the sterilizing room, sterilized and 
returned to their allotted place. 

Extra Instruments. Separate trays containing an 
extra supply of the following instruments will also be 



158 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

kept in the theatre ready sterilized. Scissors, scalpels, 
dissecting forceps, large pressure forceps, small pressure 
forceps. 

This arrangement applies to both theatres. 

Orders. Officers will make themselves acquainted 
with all orders issued daily and will always initial the 
order book. 

A WEEK AT CASUALTY CLEARING STATION 

No 32 

BY EDWARD B. HODGE, M. D. 

ON March 21, 1 9 1 8, C. C. S. team 28, Captains Hodge 
and Dillard, Nurse Stambaugh and orderlies Clark 
and Mangin, received orders to leave Le Treport and help 
in the offensive begun that morning by the Germans. In 
company with teams from Canadian No. 2 and No. 47, 
the team was taken by the convoy drivers to No. 
42 Stationary Hospital, Amiens. Joined there by teams 
from other bases, Rouen, Etaples, etc., it left for the 
front as a convoy directed by motor cycle guide and 
still driven by chaufferines, owing to scarcity of front 
area ambulances. 

About 9 p. m. the team reached its destination at 
Marchelepot some miles south of Peronne and in the 
area devastated at the time of the Hindenberg retreat. 
It was over 20 miles from the front when the drive 
began. Four teams each were assigned to C. C. S. 32 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 159 

and 34, ours being among the former. During the night 
one more team arrived for each C. C. S., making a total 
addition to the regular staff of five teams apiece. On 
reporting to Lt. Col. Sutcliffe, R. A. M. C, the O. C, our 
team was assigned to the day shift, going on duty at 
8 a. m. thanext day on a 16-hour shift. 

The garage cars left for the long drive home almost at 
once in order to be in time for an evacuation in the 
morning. There were 1000 wounded waiting at the 
C. C. S. The word that night was that the Germans 
had made a big advance on a 50-mile front but would 
certainly be held on reaching the Somme if not before. 
During intervals of work at mess hours next day many 
troops were coming out of the line and a Divisional 
Headquarters was set up for a time directly across the 
road. Artillery fire was very heavy and almost continu- 
ous, but still distant. 

On getting to work Saturday the 23d, we found fine 
weather again but disquieting news and events. The 
Boche was still advancing steadily, the advance had 
not been checked at the Somme, gun fire was not so 
constant but nearer, a Divisional Headquarters had 
suffered a direct hit by a bomb in the night and many 
of the staff had been admitted to our C. C. S., among 
them the general commanding with a serious head 
wound. A little later orders came to cease work at noon 
on all eight tables except ours which was kept going 
till 2 p. m. Nurses and orderlies were busy packing the 



160 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

operating theatre equipment and supplies. At 3 p. m. 
the nurses were sent back by ambulance, going as we 
afterwards learned to 42 Stationary in Amiens. No 
more patients were admitted and all ranks were busy 
getting patients on stretchers and out on the duckboards 
ready to be loaded on a train. 

By late afternoon the last ambulance train had left, 
taking all but 200 cot cases. Kits were packed, canteens 
filled and everything made ready for leaving on another 
train as soon as orders should arrive. None had come 
since those evacuating the nurses, and the O. C. was 
unable to get the D. M. S. by phone. He went over to 
consult the O. C. of C. C. S. 34 as to the propriety of 
leaving without orders on a train of box and flat cars 
recently arrived and loaded with our remaining wounded 
and some equipment and supplies. 

Many warnings had been coming in all afternoon of 
the increasing proximity of the enemy. The engineers 
had just reported the road mined and advised leaving 
in half an hour. The two O. C's. finally decided to 
evacuate in the absence of orders, and about 10 p. m. 
we pulled out. Shells had been coming over for some 
time. Many of the wounded spent the 2 1 hours it took 
to cover the twenty-odd miles to Amiens lying on 
stretchers on the open flat cars. Captain Dillard and 
Captain Hodge occupied the brakeman's box of a box 
car, getting an occasional nap by the roadside when the 
train made a particularly long stop. 




German prisoners' quarters at Le Treport. 




German prisoners of war at Le Treport. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 161 

On arrival in Amiens station at 7 p. m. Sunday night, 
the wounded were transferred to No. 42 Stationary- 
Hospital, only six having died out of the 200 who 
began the long trip. AH officers and men were kept on 
the platform in the station ready for orders to go up 
the line again. 

Amiens had been bombed nightly since the start of 
the push and this night was no exception, the show 
lasting from 8.30 to 12.30. Neither the station nor hos- 
pital was hit, however, though a French hospital was 
not so lucky. In spite of the noise and excitement, nearly 
everyone got some sleep, lying either on the baggage 
pile or on the concrete platform. 

Monday morning, after breakfast along the tracks, 
we were sent up the railroad as far as Villers-Bretton- 
neau. Here were hundreds of wounded lying in the open, 
and 61 C. C. S. which had been driven back from Ham 
was putting up canvas for an entrainment station to 
handle them. To it was attached our O. C. and his 
staff. He had been relieved of his independent com- 
mand for having evacuated Marchelepot without 
orders when he could get none, and although he had 
got away all wounded, staff, personnel and some equip- 
ment. Later we were glad to learn this had been re- 
scinded and his command restored. 

Three teams, Canada, St. Louis and ourselves, were 

taken by ambulance to Cerisy-Gailly on the Somme 

some miles away and there attached to 41 Stationary, 
11 



162 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Lt. Col. Mills-Roberts O. C. This had been a French 
hospital and was a fine hut hospital of 1200 beds with a 
staff of fine officers. They were now acting as a Field 
Ambulance, terribly rushed and operating for hemor- 
rhage only. 

We were all on duty most of the night and could see 
the whole battle line marked by the burning dumps 
fired during the retreat. Our dreams of work among 
such comfortable surroundings were soon rudely shat- 
tered. Going to bed at 9 a. m. in hopes of much needed 
sleep, we were roused at 1 1 by the news that we were to 
pack and be ready to move at 1 p. m. Patients from 
here had been evacuated by ambulance to the railroad 
at Villers-Brettonneau almost as fast as they came in. 
The sisters and luggage left by lorry and the detachment 
with Col. Mills-Roberts at its head set out on the road 
to Amiens. The 15 miles were covered in some 6 hours, 
and of the six officers who finished with the detachment 
four were Americans — all who had started. The others 
had hopped lorries. All the way, the road was filled 
with refugees afoot or on top of carts loaded wth house- 
hold goods. There were lorries, motor cars, wheelbar- 
rows and baby coaches. Soldiers, civilians, women and 
children, horses, cows, pigs, sheep and dogs — all were 
on the move. 

We saw little evidence of defensive works or of troops 
going up in support. On arrival at 42 Stationary Hospi- 
tal, we were given a free foot until 9 a. m. next day, 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 163 

Wednesday, as Col. Mills-Roberts was not to take over 
its command till then. 

After dining at the hotel, we went back to the hospi- 
tal, Capt. McKenzie of the Canadian team with us, as 
we had learned our nurses, Miss Stambaugh and Miss 
Patterson, had been working there since leaving 32 
C. C. S. on Saturday. We found them just leaving to 
spend the night in No. 3 branch in order to make room 
for the sisters from 41 Stationary. The first bombing 
flight had been over and it seemed a good time to move. 
The matron herself was going. While walking along a 
broad boulevard about half way to our destination, 
more bombers came over and four bombs were dropped 
in our block. After we had extricated ourselves from 
the fallen glass and plaster and had taken account of 
stock, we found everyone had a wound in leg or foot, 
except Capt. McKenzie. At first we feared he was killed 
as he was lying quiet in the gutter. Later it appeared 
he was only stunned and had not a scratch. An ambu- 
lance took us back to the place we had so recently left. 
There we were well looked after and the wounded 
operated on by Major Gordon Smith. The Chaplain 
gave up his room to the nurses, whose wounds were 
the most serious, and we found room for Capt. Dillard 
in a ward. Major Hodge arranged with the Sgt. Major 
for removal of our casualties by ambulance convoy 
next day to Abbeville, and at 2.30 a. m. he found himself 
a bed on the operating table as there wasn't a vacant 



164 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

place in the wards, corridors, stair landings or dressing- 
rooms. The bombing kept up till after three. 

Next morning after getting the Adjutant's permis- 
sion, we got the patients and luggage loaded and started 
for Abbeville. The orderlies were left at 42 for further 
orders. Captain Dillard was placed in No. 2 Australian 
General Hospital and the nurses in the nurses' annex. 
Everyone was most kind and helpful, but it was impos- 
sible to get transportation or the use of the telephone 
to request it from Le Treport. While trying to accomplish 
this, an over-zealous English M. O. nearly got Capt. 
Dillard on the train to Blighty by way of Rouen — much 
to his disgust. Finally appeared some of the well-known 
garage ambulances bringing the other teams and our 
orderlies back from Amiens in response to general 
orders for return of C. C. S. teams to base. One was 
assigned to us and took Capt. Dillard and Major Hodge 
back to Le Treport. We were unable to get permission to 
move the nurses, who were later evacuated to England, 
as was Capt. Dillard. 

And so closed our experience in the great push for 
Amiens. We were away less than a week but had plenty 
of action crowded into that time. We did some work 
and much moving. Our escape from serious injury was 
narrow and our gratitude proportionately great. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 165 
CASUALTY CLEARING STATION NO. 23 

BY JOHN B. FLICK, M. D. 

CASUALTY Clearing Station Surgical Team No. 
23, British, consisting of Lieut. John B. Flick, 
Lieut. J. Burton Roberts, Nurse Julia J. Ravenel, 
Pvt. P. J. Tate and Pvt. H. N. Bradley, received 
orders late Saturday night, August 24, 19 18. Leav- 
ing Le Treport Sunday morning, about 8 a. m. the 

team proceeded by ambulance to Abbeville, where we 
changed ambulances, and thence to Fienvillers. After 
travelling all day, we arrived at No. 38 C. C. S. in time 
for a belated dinner, and to be assigned to the night 
shift of workers. We were rather astonished, after 
having spent the day in travel to be so ruthlessly initi- 
ated into C. C. S. work, but there was so much to be 
done and so few to do it that we soon forgot all about 
fatigue and fell into the swing of things. Miss Ravenel 
and the orderlies had the table ready by 9.30 p. m. and 
the team had its first nightmare of C. C. S. surgery. 
On Sept. 3rd, after reporting off duty and while at 
breakfast we were notified by the C. O. to be in readiness 
to move forward, that three teams were leaving and 
that ambulances would be ready to convey us at 10.30 
a. m. We had expected this, as No. 38 was far behind 
active operations (Bapaume) and we had been getting 
only overflow cases, usually 18 or 24 hours old. We 
were too far behind for abdominal cases and we operated 
only one, a German and a hopeless case. 



166 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

We were surprised and pleased upon arriving at No. 4 
C. C. S., Colincamp, to find old friends — old friends 
from the standpoint of having been acquainted with 
other members of our unit, Colonel Harte and his 
team. There had been heavy fighting over that bit of 
country a few weeks previous, work was slow, the 
C. C. S. having just been completed that day, so we 
obtained leave and set out to view the battlefield. 
That stretch of country seemed to be just a series of 
shell holes and trenches. The German lines had been at 
Sayre, a few miles distant, and many of the shell holes 
between Colincamp and Sayre still contained dead in all 
sorts of grotesque positions, and usually with pockets 
turned inside out. The ground everywhere was strewn 
with the debris of battle. 

Work was never very strenuous at Colincamp. We 
were on day duty and usually managed to find time 
for walks about the country, exploring trenches and 
dugouts. The Hun nightly furnished us with diversion, 
but never dropped his "eggs'* close enough to cause 
alarm. We enjoyed leisure at this post, but later were 
to learn that No. 4 could be busy. 

On Sept. 14 we received our orders to return to base, 
and together with other surgical teams from that area 
made our way in ambulances to Abbeville and to Le 
Treport by train. It was a big convoy; apparently all 
the teams in that army were returning to base for 
redistribution, although at that time we did not know 
the reason for the sudden recall. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 167 

On Sept. 17 we again set out, arriving at 48 C. C. S., 
Brie, that evening, and again were assigned to 
night duty. On this trip we left Pvt. Tate behind, Pvt. 
John J. Waak taking his place. Tate had gone on leave, 
not knowing that we were to be called again. The attack 
on St. Quentin was already under way and by 10 p. m. 
we were deluged with cases. We were alongside an 
anti-aircraft headquarters, and apparently beneath a 
favored airpath of the Hun, for in the short space of 
time there we witnessed a number of air battles, and 
saw two planes brought down in flames. 

On the second night, we had finished our first case and 
were well started on the second, a miserable penetrating 
wound of the chest, and among other difficulties had 
just broken the only available rib shears, when the 
C. O. came to our table and told us to pack our kits 
and be in readiness to move as soon as possible. The 
cars did not arrive until about 1 a. m. It was a horrible 
wet night and five of us with our kits piled into an 
ambulance and with two other carloads started for 
Le Chapellette. We were to report to No. 53 C. C. S. as 
reinforcements, and the other teams to neighboring 
Casualty Clearing Stations. 

Somehow the cars became separated; it was dark 
and we had no lights; the driver became confused and 
after wandering about for several hours over bad roads 
we decided to pull up and await daybreak. There was 
a terrific barrage on, but in spite of it and of the crowded 



168 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

car most of us managed to get a little sleep. We arrived 
at No. 53 C. C. S. at six o'clock in the morning, only to 
find that we were not needed, and on Sept. 21st re- 
turned to base. 

Lieut. Col. Thurston, R. A. M. C, a cousin of our 
first commanding officer at No. 16 General Hospital, 
was in charge of No. 53 C. C. S. 

On Sept. 26 we received orders to report at a hospital 
near DouIIens. There we were assigned to No. 4 C. C. S., 
then stationed at Beaulencourt. We were glad, for No. 
4 C. C. S. was particularly well organized and well 
equipped, and we had liked the personnel at our pre- 
vious visit. Lieut. Col. Raule, R. A. M. C, was in 
command. We were cordially welcomed, but again 
assigned to night duty. As there were only two teams, 
we worked on sixteen-hour shifts for the first few days, 
going on duty at 1 p. m. and coming off at noon the 
next day. The pre-operative ward was always full; we 
operated only on cases that could not be transported 
without operation, and that were reasonably favorable. 
Most abdominals had to be left to their fate. 

The rush lasted about ten days, (Cambrai attack), 
the Hun bombs continued to interrupt our evening 
meal, but it never amounted to more than ducking 
lights. Occasionally he hit an ammunition dump and 
furnished excitement for the time being. 

On October 12 we moved to 29 C. C. S., Delsaux 
Farm, Beugny. We did day work and were glad of the 




Armistice Day. 




En route for home. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 169 

change. Many civilians were coming in; old men, women 
and children, mostly from the neighborhood of Cambrai 
which was under the shellfire of the retreating Huns. It 
was something new to hear the cries of children in the 
wards. The Huns were retreating rapidly; Casualty 
Clearing Stations constantly moving, groups leap-frog- 
ging over each other, to keep pace with the advance, 
and No. 29 was soon a back C. C. S. 

On Nov. 3 we received our orders and proceeded by 
ambulance to Caudry. We passed up through the Hin- 
denburg line, skirted Cambrai because of the danger of 
mines, arriving at Caudry in the afternoon. Beyond 
Cambrai the condition of the country was very good 
in contrast to other areas that we had passed through. 
The fields were green and well kept, trees were largely 
untouched by shells, and aside from roads and bridges 
that had been mined there was very little to tell the 
tale of fighting. This was a stretch over which the 
Germans had retreated rapidly. 

No. 3 C. C. S. occupied a lace factory, which had also 
been used by the Germans as a hospital. We were 
billeted in houses near by. It was a hectic time; wounded 
were pouring in and prisoners were coming down in 
large numbers. Caudry was mined, hardly a day passed 
that some building did not go up; the day we arrived 
the railroad bridge was blown to pieces. 

We again drew night duty, and occasionally did a 
sixteen-hour shift. We all, however, felt the stimulus 



i 7 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

of the time, work hours came and went, almost without 
our being conscious of a lapse. Rumors of the coming 
armistice already were rife. We treated one American 
boy who came in with a convoy made up of patients 
abandoned at a German advance hospital, captured by 
the British. He was from New York City, a youngster 
about nineteen. He had been captured the latter part 
of September while on a raid. The convoy was made 
up of Americans and British, some French, Italian, and 
Russians. This youngster's general condition was 
wretched, as was the condition of most of these poor 
fellows. He was very septic and emaciated. He had had 
a disarticulation at the left knee-joint, the articular sur- 
face was covered with granulations and bathed in pus and 
he had a compound fracture of the other leg and several 
flesh wounds elsewhere. He said that the German 
hospital had been under-staffed and without adequate 
supplies; that the prisoners suffered from want of food 
and attention, but that towards the last the Germans 
seemed more solicitous about their prisoners' care. 

In the early hours of the morning of the i ith we got 
the first news of the armistice. There was little excite- 
ment, but everybody wore a smile and that night we 
had an extra good dinner, speeches, and stories. Work 
immediately fell off, and on Nov. 13th, about six in the 
evening we started for Le Treport. We travelled by 
ambulance to Amiens, where we could not gain admit- 
tance to the hotels. We tried one after another, always 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 171 

told that there was no room and that they could not 
supply us with food. The streets were crowded with 
a very cosmopolitan crowd intent on merrymaking and in 
spots a bit under the weather. We finally made our way 
back to our ambulances and set out for No. 42 Station- 
ary Hospital on the Amiens-Dury road, where the 
good night-sister, in spite of the hour — for it was one 
o'clock in the morning — prepared supper for us and we 
were given shelter for the night. That morning we 
travelled by train back to Le Treport. 

The total number of cases operated upon by team 
No. 23 was 271. 



MOBILE HOSPITAL NO. 8 

BY EDWARD B. HODGE, M, D. 

A MOBILE Hospital in the A. E. F. was a 200- 
bed unit intended to function at, or in front of, 
the line of the Evacuation Hospital, but smaller 
than the latter, under canvas and more readily moved 
from place to place. As a rule, it handled only seriously 
wounded, non-transportable cases. Several had been 
put in the field during the summer of 191 8 and had 
proved so useful that others were being organized as 
fast as the equipment could be obtained from the French, 
after whose Autochir the mobile hospital was modelled. 
To this end several different base hospitals had been 
asked to furnish the nucleus of staff and personnel of a 
mobile hospital, the remainder to be furnished by Head- 
quarters. 

As the table of organization called for 8 to 12 officers, 
20 nurses and 80 men, Col. Harte had been asked to 
furnish a commanding officer, 4 officers, 20 nurses and 
30 men. Although this seriously crippled his strength 
at 16 General Hospital during an exceedingly active 
period when replacements were not in sight, he very 
unselfishly fell in with the plan and thus gave many of us 

an experience which we would not willingly have missed. 

172 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 173 

Our Mobile Hospital was No. 8. The officers detailed 
by Col. Harte were Capt. Hodge, C. O., Lt. Wilmer as 
Adjutant; Capt. Nolan, Lt. Outerbridge and Lt. Hether- 
ington. Hodge, Wilmer and Outerbridge were promoted 
while on this duty. Mrs. Eden was Chief Nurse, and 1st 
Class Sgt. Dannehower was in charge of the men. 

The C. O. left on Sept. 20, 191 8, for the Instruction 
and Assembly Park, Pare des Princes, Paris, reporting 
to Lt. Col. Jones C. O. He was later joined by the other 
officers, nurses and men as the orders came through. 
Here we found that M. H. 5 had recently left for the 
front. M. H. 6 left a few days after our arrival and M. H. 
7 a week later. Here were added Lt. Sturr and Lt. 
Feldman, x-ray men, and Lt. Wilder, laboratory; also 
50 enlisted men, casuals but recently over from the 
United States. 

The time was spent in checking up equipment and 
supplies, training the men in setting up and taking down 
the tentage and portable operating-room, testing out the 
different motors and trucks, selecting drivers and gen- 
erally beginning to get some sort of plan of organization 
under way. The nurses made up some supplies, had gas 
training and then spent the remaining days helping 
out at A. R. C. No. 5. 

About this time we learned that no more officers 
could be detailed to us so that we were particularly glad 
to learn of the possibility of our getting Capt. Keating 
of A. R. C. Military Hospital No. 1 to join us. Through 
the kindness of Lt. Col. Hutchinson, this was accom- 



i 7 4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

plished and he later joined us at Deux Noeuds. The 
C. O's. of M. H. 9, 10, ii and 12 were at the Pare 
with us, being engaged in various stages of the same 
process. 

Our orders came on the 12th to move next day to 
Deux-Noeuds-devant-Beauzee. The trucks were loaded 
by that night, and the train next day. The rolling 
stock consisted of 4 trucks (%~3 tons), 1 sterilizer and 
1 x-ray truck, Dodge touring car, side-car, 2 laundry 
units — washer and dryer — and 1 trailer. Two water 
carts were called for but simply could not be furnished 
at the time. Equipment and supplies made up some 
35-40 truck loads. This was excessive, owing largely to 
overlapping of the French and American supply lists. 
Col. Jones was improving this condition with every 
M. H. that left. With 10 flat cars, 15 box cars and 2 
passenger coaches, we made quite an imposing array 
as we pulled out of the freight yard at 9 p. m. on Oct. 
13th. 

Dawn next day found us near Chateau Thierry on 
the way up the Marne valley. So from our train we had 
grandstand seats for the scene of the celebrated events 
between Chateau Thierry and Epernay. That evening 
at Sommeiles, we were turned over by the French to 
the 13th Enginers U. S. A. — recruited from the Illinois 
Central R. R. — who ran the line from there on. Reach- 
ing Evres that evening we spent the night on the train 
and in the morning began to unload. Lieut. Wilmer went 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 175 

to Deux Noeuds to look our station over while Major 
Hodge went in the Dodge car to report to 1st Army 
Headquarters at Souilly. 

We found that M. H. 6 had been running a center 
for head cases at Deux Noeuds, had just been ordered 
further front but had not yet got all its command 
away. The adjutant, several officers, all the nurses, 5 
surgical teams and 30 enlisted men had still to go. This 
was Tuesday and before it was over we had all the 
nurses and officers, most of the men and a lot of sup- 
plies transported to Deux Noeuds. 

Next day we took over command and by another 
twenty-four hours had things running fairly well. 
The hospital was located on the grounds of a small 
chateau just outside the tiny village with the long 
name but known in Yank vernacular as " Doughnuts." 
Souilly was "Swilly. " A French Ambulance had been 
located here and we used its hut wards for our patients 
and for nurses' quarters. There were also mess and 
cook shacks. Officers and men found quarters in the 
chateau and its stone outbuildings and stables. 

Mobile Hospital 6 had been quite busy and were 
able to give us much help from their experience. Patients 
arrived by ambulance and were evacuated in the same 
way to Vaubecourt on the railroad. With the aid of the 
five teams we found here, and which were detached to 
us from M. H. 6, it was possible to keep the surgical 
work in hand. Most of our trials were on the executive 



176 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

side and ran all the way from mired trucks to a serious 
shortage of cooks. Imagine the latter when besides 200 
patients and 100 men we were responsible for feeding 
during most of a week a boarding house of 56 nurses 
and 37 officers ! But nothing was too much for the ability 
and spirit of a command such as ours. By utilizing 
slightly wounded patients and volunteers from our 
enlisted men, we got or trained the cooks and before 
long the departure of M. H. 6's nurses, officers and men 
lightened the load. 

Capt. Wilmer discovered a park of 50 water carts 
near by, and through bribery and corruption of the 
homesick lieutenant in charge, by inviting him to a 
meal or two to meet the nurses, two carts were somehow 
diverted from their original destination. "Memorandum 
receipt," I believe it is called. The usual term is "sal- 
vage." Thanks to kind friends we also for the first time 
became possessed of two typewriters — not through 
regular channels! These things sound small but they 
bulk large when water must be carted miles and it 
becomes necessary to borrow a typewriter from your 
chief at 5 p. m., put two men on it all night and have it 
back 10 kilometers away by 7 a. m., in order to get out 
the payroll. 

Capt. Keating arrived shortly and a few days later 
we were fortunate enough to get transferred to our 
permanent staff Captain Speese, formerly of the Presby- 
terian Hospital Unit, who had been head of a team 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 177 

with M. H. 2 since July. So we had two experienced 
men as surgical directors. Capt. Nolan acted as mess 
officer, Lt. Hetherington as supply officer, leaving 
Capt. Outerbridge more or less free for operating work. 
We had no chaplain and though we applied for one 
immediately on reaching Deux Noeuds, none ever ar- 
rived. Lt. Wilder drew the assignment of burying the 
dead in addition to his duties as sanitary officer and 
pathologist. 

Mortality in the serious head wounds was very high 
and Wilder had much practice as a padre. Miss Carter 
developed bronchopneumonia but made a smooth 
recovery. We met and were visited by many old and 
new friends, among them Captain — now Major — Cad- 
walader formerly of B. H. 10, several members of 
M. H. 4 from the St. Louis unit, etc. Troops coming out 
of the line were billeted in the village and we often 
saw their officers, our nurses always proving a strong 
attraction. 

Among the many rumors afloat, two became quite 
persistent; that Deux Noeuds was to be closed, the Head 
Center experiment not having proved practical, and 
that another offensive on our front was imminent. 
Toward the end of October, word came from Head- 
quarters to be ready for a move to a point near Varennes 
very soon. All but fifteen patients had been evacuated. 
These could not be moved for some days yet, being 

serious post-operative brain cases. Our move was thus 

12 



178 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

complicated by the necessity of leaving sufficient staff 
and personnel at Deux Noeuds to look after these cases. 

On Friday, Nov. i , the push began — as it turned out, 
the last of the war. On Sunday morning we began our 
move, aided by 20 trucks furnished to us. With Capts. 
Speese and Outerbridge, Major Hodge went ahead in 
the Dodge car to report at Cheppy to Col. Eastman, 
Chief Surgeon of the 5th Corps, to which we were to be 
temporarily attached. Here we were given our map 
location near Exermont and started on to look the 
ground over. Caught in a traffic block on the only good 
road up the Aire Valley, we crossed to the other side 
of the river, took a road through the edge of the Ar- 
gonne forest and crossed back again at Chatel-Chehery 
to our destination — 25 miles from Deux Noeuds. 

This was one-half mile east of the main road and 
just off the branch road to Exermont. There was a poor 
stone entrance road and a worse turn-around. It had 
been used as the Triage for the 2d Division and some 
tentage of F. H. 1 was still pitched. We were able to 
plan a set-up for our tents without too much inter- 
ference from shell holes but were disappointed to find 
the nearest water tank 1% miles away. Major Hodge 
returned to Deux Noeuds for the night, leaving Speese 
and Outerbridge in charge of receiving the convoy on 
its arrival. Due to rain, bad roads and congested traffic, 
the trucks did not begin to arrive till after dark and 
kept dropping in all night. What with rain, mud, little 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 179 

food and water — the water cart having been relieved 
of its contents on the way up — and hard work unload- 
ing, this was a night long remembered by those at 
Exermont. 

Next day, Major Hodge and Captain Wilmer 
returned in advance of another convoy of trucks under 
Lieut. Hetherington, leaving Capt. Nolan and the 
nurses to finish up at Deux Noeuds. We found good 
progress had been made in setting up. Field Hospital 
338 was locating just across our entrance road. It was 
attached to us and was to handle slightly wounded and 
medical patients. Ambulance Co's. 542 and 604, Lt. 
Terry C. O., were also attached to us to evacuate to 
the rear from M. H. 8 and F. H. 338. They were so 
scattered up and down the line on their previous assign- 
ment that it was some days before orders reached all 
the drivers and they were regularly working for us. 

By Tuesday we had up a good deal of canvas and 
were using some wards to help out F. H. 338 which was 
overrun with slightly wounded. Truck loads of troops 
were going up the line trying to keep in touch with the 
Boche who had already been driven back some 20 miles. 
These trucks brought back the slightly wounded. We 
were beginning to get in some seriously wounded and 
the camp was running with some system. By Wednes- 
day, all nurses were up from Deux Noeuds, all patients 
there evacuated and the place closed. On Thursday 
evening, Nov. 7, we had the false armistice celebration, 



180 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

rockets and flares all around the horizon and motor 
lights and horns amuck up and down the valley. Another 
day saw three additional teams assigned to us and our 
ambulance evacuations working smoothly. 

Monday, the nth, brought the true armistice, but 
no one paid much attention at the time, having been 
fooled once. The truth was finally forced upon us by 
the absence of the familiar gun fire and drone of aero- 
planes. By afternoon, confirmation arrived and at 
dinner the occasion was properly celebrated in our 
mess by the combined staff of M. H. 8 and F. H. 
338. Work was by no means over, however, as we con- 
tinued to receive wounded until the 17th. 

With armistice day came clear cold weather and life 
was brighter. The laundries had been set up and were 
working well, the water problem was better but it was 
harder to get rations, coal, wood, gas and supplies, as all 
the dumps were on the move — first, forward with the 
advance and later back again as the Army of Occupation 
moved into Luxembourg and other troops were with- 
drawn. It frequently occurred that a detail going to 
draw supplies found the usual place closed and had to 
spend most of the day and cover 30-40 miles before 
finding the new location and filling its wants. After 
another week or two, conditions became stabilized 
and living easier. When talking of rations, it is only 
proper to say that our experience with the U. S. Q. M. 
Department at the front was most satisfactory. The 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 181 

food there was of excellent quality and variety and in 
ample quantity. It was issued freely and with little red 
tape. Any difficulty was in the matter of transportation 
from railhead to organization. This we were spared by 
having our own trucks. 

Saturday, Nov. 16th, marked our last admissions and 
on that day word came that we would be withdrawn 
and out of canvas as soon as possible. So we began to 
prepare by gradually taking down what canvas was no 
longer needed. 

We had pitched 13 Bessano or French ward tents, 
assigned as follows: Wards 7, admission 1, shock 1, 
operating 1, supply 1, nurses' quarters 1, officers' 
quarters 1. Besides these we used 10 "tortoise" tents 
and 7 marquees — the former for supply, kitchen, drug 
and morgue purposes and the latter for mess and quar- 
ters for men and night shifts of nurses and officers. On 
the 19th, 18 months from home, came orders to assume 
the big black A, insignia of the 1st Army. Also came 
the rumor that all the mobile hospitals were to be sent 
into Germany with the 3d Army. 

This aroused much discussion and various feelings. 
On this day too, F. H. 338 left us for Briquenay. About 
this time we suffered our only casualties from wounds — 
Capt. Outerbridge being hit by a spent revolver bullet 
and one of the attached nurses by a rifle bullet. Target 
practice in the neighborhood was responsible. Fortu- 
nately no damage was done. 



182 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Our opportunities for sightseeing were almost ideal. 
Within a mile of the Argonne Forest at the level of 
Cornay and Chatel-Chehery, near which the "Lost 
Battalion" had its experience earlier, we were sur- 
rounded by localities and names familiar and famous in 
our war records. Montfaucon, Romagne, Grandpre, 
Varennes, Vauquois, Buzancy, Dun, Stenay — all were 
within walking or motoring distance. Making the most 
of the fine weather and lack of work, all who could be 
spared were on the road. By walking, using the Dodge 
and trucks, and by "lorry-hopping," the country for 
miles around was covered and souvenirs innumerable 
collected. Frequently the nurses, leaving on foot, re- 
turned riding in limousines with generals or colonels. 
No one of lower rank had a chance. Lt. Terry took a 
party of officers in one of his ambulances to Luxem- 
bourg and Metz shortly before his command was 
detached and sent to serve with the Army of Occu- 
pation. 

On Nov. 23d, orders came to evacuate our few 
remaining patients. During this week all our operating 
teams were ordered back to base. On Saturday and 
Sunday, Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, ambulances and trucks 
were furnished to move nurses and equipment to 
Varennes, some kilometers south, with orders to unload 
by the railroad tracks, pitching only enough tentage 
for quarters, ready to move into Germany as soon as 
transportation should be furnished. Evacuation Hospi- 




Entrance to British General Hospital No. 16, Le Treport. 




Convalescent patients leaving the admission and discharge hut at 
British General Hospital No. 16, Le Treport. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 183 

tal 14, pitched on the flat in the bend of the river at 
Varennes, invited nurses and officers to share their 
quarters and mess. We accepted their hospitality for 
two days and then moved to drier ground — the nurses 
going to visit at M. H. 4 on the hill behind Cheppy at 
the kind insistence of Lt.-Col. Klopton, and the officers 
joining our men on the hillside by the road from Var- 
ennes to Cheppy. By this time, M. H. S. 1 , 4, 6 and 8 were 
camped within a mile of Varennes, all waiting for 
movement orders to Germany. Nos. 2 and 5 were further 
south. Here we sat till Dec. 17, seeing the sights, 
hearing rumors and going to dances and dinners given 
by the various commands in the valley. 

Needless to say, the nurses of the M. H.'s were in 
great demand at the dances and entertainments and 
many a night the trucks were busy taking them to and 
fro. Our plans were laid to bring our nurses back on the 
17th, and prepare for a Christmas dance. On the very 
day orders came to send the nurses back to base. So 
the dance was off and the wonderful ball room floor we 
had laid of no use. The nurses got off by ambulance on 
the 19th to Bar-Ie-Duc where they entrained for Paris 
on the way to Le Treport. We were to get transportation 
to Joinville-haute-Marne, there to be demobilized as a 
unit and returned to base. 

Days and weeks passed and still no transportation. 
We whiled away the time visiting nearby places of 
interest and making up parties in the Dodge car for 



184 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

distant points, usually on business and pleasure com- 
bined. Paris, Rheims, St. Menehould and Metz at 
different times received our attention. We were able 
to get leave through for a few of the men and one officer. 
Just before Christmas, we were cheered by a visit 
from old Base 10 friends, Majors Newlin and Krumb- 
haar coming to this part of the world to look up the 
graves of relatives and friends. For three days we mo- 
tored them about, visiting Thiaucourt, Brabant, Verdun 
and various battle fields. M. H. No. i gave a big dinner 
shortly before its departure on Christmas Eve. That 
night Mobile 4 had a wonderful dinner followed by a 
very good show given by their men. They finally got 
cars and pulled out on the 31st. 

Meanwhile the steady rain had flooded the river 
which was over its banks up and down the valley. 
This not only flooded out F. H. 41 pitched on the flat 
where Evacuation 14 had been but drove the rats up 
into our tents and, most serious of all, was washing the 
railroad tracks. Mobile 6 got away on Jan. 3 leaving us 
a few cars to begin loading. By the 6th, enough cars 
had arrived and we were all loaded, sleeping on the 
train that night. The men were on straw in box cars 
while we had fitted up a German box car with stove, 
cots, folding tables and chairs and were most comfort- 
able. All cars were wired up and lighted from our x-ray 
truck, and in addition the electrical sergeant had 
arranged in electric bulbs a big figure 8 on each side of 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 185 

the x-ray truck. It all looked like a real circus and we 
left in style at 8 a. m. next morning. 

Like most trips in France, we ran for an hour and 
then waited a day — literally, this time. Reaching Aubre- 
ville, where the U. S. operation of the railroad ended, at 
9 a. m., it was noon next day before a French engine 
arrived to take us further. We reached Joinville at 4.30 
p. m. and spent the night on the train. Next morning 
found us reporting to Lt.-Col. Jones, our old friend of 
the Pare des Princes, who was here to see us demobilized 
as he had seen to our mobilizing. We drew billets in the 
town, got paper work under way and renewed friendships 
with Mobiles 4, 5 and 6, still in town but about ready 
to depart. Things went through with a rush, due to 
good preliminary work on our papers, and by Saturday 
the nth we were officially demobilized and split up 
into detachments. Capt. Wilmer went to Tours to 
turn in our records to the Chief Surgeon's office. Capt. 
Keating and Lt. Hetherington left for Paris to check 
up the supplies and equipment when turned in at the 
Pare des Princes. Half a dozen non-commissioned 
officers and men went with our train to Paris as guard. 
The rest of us left Saturday evening on the Metz- 
Dunkerque leave train for Le Treport. We were directed 
to take with us all officers and men who had not come 
to us from a regular base, thus adding some four 
officers and 50 men to the number with which we 
left Le Treport. Imagine Col. Mitchell's feelings when he 



186 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

received that telegram! On Sunday morning our train 
went around Paris and spent the rest of the day wander- 
ing over northwest France, arriving at Abbeville at mid- 
night, just too late for a connection to Le Treport. Our 
last sleep on the road overtook the men in the rest 
camp and the officers in the dormitory of the Officers* 
Club. There was no train till next afternoon when a 
two-hours run brought us to the familiar station at 
four-thirty. It is not a thing of beauty, but it looked 
good to us. Still more so did the old top and the many 
friends there from whom we had been away some four 
months. 

And so ended a most interesting and instructive 
experience. We had many pleasures, some troubles and 
a few sorrows. No command we met showed more 
ability for hard work and finer spirit in nurses, officers 
and men. This fact was frequently commented on by 
others. To this spirit and fidelity are due what measure 
of success was achieved. Certainly we never failed to 
do what was allotted us, faulty as was at times the 
execution. No commanding officer ever had his task 
made easier by the cooperation of his whole command. 
And always we had before us the stimulus of trying to 
make a record worthy of Base Hospital No. 10. 



DETACHED TOUR OF SERVICE 

BY LIEUT.-COL. WILLIAM J. TAYLOR 

IN May, 191 8, 1 was ordered by the British Author- 
ities to report for temporary duty in the War Hos- 
pitals in London on June 1st and accordingly left 
Le Treport on May 28th early in the morning and 
reached Boulogne in time to take the duty boat which 
sailed at 2.30 p. m. and arrived in London that same 
evening. This was rather an interesting experience, as we 
were ordered to put on life preservers before the boat 
left the dock and to wear them until we arrived in the 
harbor at Folkestone. The deck was so crowded that a 
seat was impossible; fortunately it was a fine day, clear 
and cold, and fairly smooth. A mine sweeper had cleared 
the way; a dirigible was overhead; a seaplane swept 
back and forth over the course and the convoy which 
consisted of the duty boat, two leave boats and two 
hospital ships, was guarded by four destroyers, two on 
either side. My return journey was made in the same 
manner. 

I reported to Sir Robert Jones, Director of Ortho- 
pedics, on June 1st, who was most cordial and inquired 
just what kind of work I wished to see. He gave me a list 

of hospitals most worth my while to visit and letters 

187 



188 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

of introduction to the commanding officers, and wrote 
to the hospitals that I would visit them. I was given 
transportation on the railways. 

After spending a week in visiting the London hos- 
pitals, most of which time was spent at Shepherds Bush, 
I went to Leeds, then to Edinburgh to the Bangor 
Hospital, with Sir Harold Stiles, where I saw much 
interesting surgery of nerves, then to Liverpool and 
the Alder Hey Hospital, where I saw much of interest, 
then to Cardiff where the Prince of Wales Hospital 
for amputation cases was very instructing, then to 
Bristol and back to London. 

I spent a very profitable day at Tooting with Colonel 
Percy Sargent and saw him operate upon various nerve 
lesions; a day at Queen Mary's Hospital for facial 
reconstruction at Sidcup where marvellous work was 
being done by Major Gillies and others, and went to 
various other hospitals. 

Wherever I went I was received with the greatest 
courtesy and every facility was offered me to examine 
the patients and to learn the methods of treatment 
employed. 

I reported again to Sir Robert Jones who ordered me 
back to No. 16 General Hospital for duty. I left London 
June 29th early in the morning and reached Le Treport 
at 1.30 the next morning, June 30th, 19 18. 

The institutions visited were well adapted to their 
purposes, fully equipped and officered, and it was a 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 189 

pleasure to see what a large number of American medi- 
cal officers were on duty, a very considerable percentage 
of the medical staff of all of these hospitals being officers 
of the United States Army. Many of these officers had 
been sent over for instruction in Orthopedic Surgery 
in the British war hospitals and would then, after a 
few months training, be sent to our own army in 
France, while others who had special knowledge and 
aptitude remained with the staff of the hospitals. 

The experience gained in this short tour of duty was 
of the greatest value to me, and had the war continued, 
as we had every expectation that it would, would have 
fitted me to take up this work with our own wounded. 



SERVICE OF MEMBERS AFTER DETACH- 
MENT FROM BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

BY J. CLIFFORD ROSENGARTEN 

ARRIVING at Tours November 24th, I received 
my commission as 2d Lieutenant and was made 
Assistant Superintendent of the 5th Railway 
Mail Service to help out until the Christmas mail rush 
was over. The work was uninteresting but I found a great 
many friends in Tours and had a very pleasant time. 

On January 1st, 1919, I was ordered to Paris to 
report to the Chief of the Courier Service, Major Peas- 
lee. I spent five very pleasant days in town while pro- 
curing my diplomatic passport, civilian clothes for 
neutral countries etc. and was then sent on a trip to 
Berne, Switzerland, via Geneva. I found George Howe 
there as Assistant Military Attache, and we had a very 
pleasant reunion and talked over the early days of No. 10 
when we were fellow Sergeants 1st. Class. On my return 
to Paris I was greeted with the welcome news that I 
was to be stationed in Berlin and to make my trips 
from there. 

Five couriers went with a small mission from the 
Peace Conference to Brussels where we found a wild 

state of gaiety and rejoicing, as the Boche had only left 

190 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 191 

there a short time before. From there we went to Charle- 
roi and caught at night the British Officers' "leave 
train" to Cologne. At Cologne we were put up for the 
day at the Officers' Club and got our first view of occu- 
pied Germany. The people seemed contented enough, 
but it was interesting to see how successfully the Boche 
had replaced many needed articles with "ersatz." 
For instance even the bed sheets were of heavy crepe 
paper. At 1 a. m. on the 25th, we got aboard the sleeper 
on the train from Cologne to Berlin required by the 
terms of the armistice. I might say that in thousands 
of miles of traveling in unoccupied Germany this was 
the only sleeping car I saw. 

We arrived in Berlin at 10 p. m. on January 26th, 
in uniform of course, filed out through a dense 
mass of people, who stared hard but offered no insult, 
and walked several blocks to the Hotel Esplanade. 
The only Americans in Berlin were General Harris and 
five aids who had been sent in previously to attend to 
the repatriation of American prisoners. We found Berlin 
very interesting although conditions were very uncom- 
fortable. Influenza was raging, but somehow only one 
of our party became sick. The food in the hotel was 
very expensive and unsatisfying. One arose from the 
table full but still hungry. In walking around one saw 
no smart-looking officers, as they had all gotten into 
civilian clothes, in fear of their troops. All the aristoc- 
racy were tucked away on their country estates. The 



192 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

taxicabs all had spring steel tires and only the army 
autos had rubber tires. The poor people looked thin 
and rather pale. They were surely underfed but there 
was no starvation. The fifth day I went to Danzig 
leaving at ten o'clock at night. I will describe this trip 
as it was typical of all traveling in Germany. One had 
to be at the station at least one hour before the train 
left to get a seat, as none were reserved. This was the 
one train to Danzig and took the place of six running 
in peace time, so you can imagine how crowded it was. 
A German ist class coupe has four seats but was always 
occupied by eight sitters and generally a lot of standers. 
The couloirs were always so jammed with people that 
it was impossible to move around. All the cloth cover- 
ings of the seats, leather window straps, etc., had been 
stolen. At least 30 per cent, of the windows were broken 
and there was no steam heat and we sure had cold 
weather in February. If the windows were not broken 
the Germans would not have the windows or doors 
open, even a crack, and as they all smoked terrible 
ersatz cigars the result was indescribable. Impossible to 
sleep a wink. We arrived at nine the next morning and 
I delivered my mail to the Food Commission who were 
there to arrange the unloading of cargoes of food for 
Poland. I left the same night and arrived in Berlin the 
following morning, half frozen and nearly dead for 
sleep. We moved into the Hotel Adlon so as to be with 
General Harris. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 193 

In all my travels I found the railway roadbeds had 
been kept in splendid shape, practically equal to the 
Pennsylvania R. R. at home. But the cars and engines 
had frequent trouble with hot boxes, etc., owing to not 
having the proper heavy oils for lubrication. Our service 
covered the following routes : Berlin — The Hague. Berlin 
— Dantzig. Berlin — Russia (Kovno and Riga). Berlin — 
Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsingfors. Berlin — Ham- 
burg, and Berlin — Munich. 

The commission returned to Paris in two weeks but 
I was in Berlin till July 3d. Intermittently in February 
and March there was heavy fighting in Berlin between 
the Spartacans and the volunteer government troops, 
but it was all over by the end of March. The theatres, 
opera, great restaurants, dance halls, ice palaces and 
gambling halls were crowded every night, with people 
spending money like mad. Subway building had been 
going on during the war and work was still proceeding 
during all my stay. Von Bernstorff, one of the few 
titled Boche I saw in Berlin, sat at the next table to me 
in the Adlon during February, but needless to say I did 
not speak to him. From the first of March we had an 
officers' mess with food brought from Coblenz. This 
was not only good but cheap. The hotel servants were 
quite honest except that it was impossible to keep in 
one's room any food, chocolate or cigarettes, even 
under lock or key. They were too much of a temptation 
to people who had had none for three years. 



13 



194 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

On July 3rd, I proceeded to Paris and from there to 
London on the 7th, where I had four days. I saw the 
great parade in Paris on the 14th, and sailed from Brest 
on the 1 6th, as a trans-Atlantic courier, arrived in 
Washington the night of the 27th, and was mustered 
out there on the 29th. 

I often think of the wonderful work No. 10 did in 
France, and my respect and admiration for the officers, 
nurses and men of Pennsylvania Base Hospital No. 10 
is unbounded. 

BY GEORGE HOWE 

After leaving Base Hospital No. 1 0, 1 arrived in Chau- 
mont on October 14th, 19 17, where I was assigned to 
the Second Section of the General Staff, or "Intelli- 
gence B, " as it was called at that time, retaining my 
rank as Sergeant in the Medical Reserve Corps. 

Early in December I was examined for a commission 
in the Corps of Interpreters and was made a Lieutenant 
in this Corps on December 8th. After a course of study 
at Chaumont and at Paris, lasting for several months, I 
was sent to Switzerland, as Assistant Military Attache 
to the American Legation in Berne, for the purpose of 
carrying on Secret Service work in that country. I 
remained at this post until two months after the armis- 
tice, when I was called to Paris and assigned to the 
Peace Conference. 

In February, 1919, I was sent to Munich by the Politi- 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 195 

cal Information Section of the American Peace Com- 
mission. In this city I was present at the time of the 
murder of Eisner and the beginning of the revolution 
which reached its full height later in the spring. 

In March, however, I was recalled to Paris and at the 
request of the Peace Commission received my discharge 
from the Army on April 3rd, in order that I might go to 
Teschen as American Delegate to the Inter- Allied Com- 
mission for the control of Teschen. This Commission 
was operating in East Silesia in the name of the Peace 
Conference as de facto government in an attempt to 
keep the peace between the Czechs and the Poles, whose 
disputes over the railroad and coal mines of this ex- 
tremely rich region had reached a stage of open violence. 

At this post I remained until June 20th, when I 
returned to Paris to report on a possible solution for the 
partition of the territory. 

In Paris I remained for two months awaiting the 
decision of the Peace Conference, but as there appeared 
to be no immediate prospect of a solution — and indeed, 
no solution has as yet been reached — I decided that my 
services were superfluous and requested that I be sent 
home, where I arrived on August 26th, and terminated 
my connection with the Government. 



THE HOME UNIT 

A MOST invaluable auxiliary to the welfare of 
Base Hospital No. 10 was the Home Unit, 
organized among the relatives and friends of 
those who had gone over seas. It was organized at a 
meeting held at the house of Judge Norris S. Barratt, 
June 21, 191 7. This meeting was attended by about one 
hundred persons. The following officers were elected: 
Judge Barratt and Mr. Frank H. Rosengarten as an 
Advisory Board, and an Executive Committee con- 
sisting of Mrs. Franklin Bache, Mrs. William Redwood 
Wright, Miss Louise Bettman, Mrs. Norris S. Barratt, 
and Mrs. Arthur H. Gerhard, with Mrs. Howard E. 
Seaver as Treasurer, and Mrs. Henry S. Pancoast as 
Secretary. Arrangements were perfected so that the 
Home Unit would serve as a bureau of information to 
those desiring information about the affairs of Base 
Hospital No. 10, the correct method of forwarding letters 
or gifts, and how they could work for it. Many subse- 
quent meetings were held and a great amount of work 
done. 

The first Christmas passed by those in France was 
rendered happy by the thoughtful providence of the 

Home Unit. The latter undertook the gigantic task of 

196 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 197 

forwarding Christmas packages to all the members of 
the Hospital Unit. To accomplish this it was necessary 
to gather the gifts and pack them in September. As a 
result of the generous labor of the Home Unit every 
man and woman serving overseas received a Christmas 
package, and the pleasure they gave cannot be ade- 
quately described. 

In this connection the valuable aid of Queen Mary's 
Needlework Guild should be especially recalled. The 
Guild soon after the sailing of the Unit offered to 
forward parcels to any of its members, and they main- 
tained this kindly service as long as it was necessary. 

Another auxiliary to our work was the class held by 
Mrs. Curtis Patterson at the Parish House of St. James' 
Church, which forwarded great quantities of surgical 
dressings. 

The Home Unit was a great comfort and aid, not 
only to the men and women overseas but to their 
families at home. Every family who had a relative in 
Base Hospital No. 10 was presented with a window card 
bearing an inscription stating that a man, or if a nurse, 
a woman, from that house was serving in the United 
States Medical Corps in France. The members of the 
Home Unit felt towards one another as though they 
constituted one great big family with many members 
overseas, and the spirit of mutual helpfulness helped 
to tide them over many hard places. 

A special service for the Home Unit was held by the 



i 9 8 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Reverend David M. Steele, at the Church of St. Luke 
and the Epiphany on Sunday afternoon, November 
1 8, 191 7. The church was crowded and the beautiful 
service made a profound impression on those who were 
present. 

On October 25, 1919, a Memorial Meeting of the 
Home Unit was held in the Assembly Room of the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, and six trees were planted on 
the Hospital grounds, each dedicated to the memory 
of one of the six members of the Unit, who died while 
serving in France, namely: 

Kenneth B. Hay, died, November 29, 191 7. 

Helen Fairchild, died, January 18, 191 8. 

Paul N. Acosta, died, October 5, 19 18. 

James Allen, died, October 23, 19 18. 

Frank X. Dochney, died, October 25, 191 8. 

John Wesley Thomas, died, October 30, 191 8. 



CONTRIBUTORS 

MANY generous contributions were made by 
persons who were interested in the welfare 
of the Unit. Some of the donors desired to 
conceal their names and it is possible that in the accom- 
panying lists their names do not appear on this account. 
Two ambulances were provided, fully equipped, through 
the generous activity of Mr. William H. Kingsley. One 
of these ambulances was taken overseas and proved an 
invaluable adjunct in our work. The day before the 
Unit left Philadelphia it was realized that it possessed 
no flags. The regulation United States and Red Cross 
standards were promptly furnished by Mr. Walter Horst- 
mann and were carried at the head of the Unit when it 
marched through the streets of Liverpool on landing. 

The financial affairs of the Unit were managed 
throughout by Mr. Beauveau Borie, Jr. one of the 
Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital. The debt of 
gratitude due him in this matter cannot be overesti- 
mated. The labor involved was very considerable and 
the responsibility great, largely owing to the variety 
of purposes for which the [money given was intended 
and to the irregularity with which it was given or 

received. To maintain a just position in the circum- 

199 



200 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



stances between the donors, the Unit, the American 
Red Cross and the Goverment, was not always easy 
and the tact and uprightness with which Mr. Borie 
performed his thankless task was notable. He volun- 
tarily gave up his cherished desire to go over-seas and 
remained where his duties were not only most onerous 
but absolutely essential to the welfare of the Unit. 

CONTRIBUTORS TO PENNYSLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL 

NO. 10 



Biddle, Miss Emily W. 
Biddle, Mr. Lyman 
Biddle, Mr. Lynford 
Bodine, Mr. Samuel T. 
Bradley, Mrs. Susan H. 
Brown, Mr. John A. 
Carr, Mr. George M. 
Cassatt, Mrs. A. J. 
Catherwood, Mr. Wilson 
Clark, Mrs. C. Howard 
Clark, Mrs. E. Walter 
Colton, Mrs. Mary R. 
Cooke, Mr. Richard Y. 
Coxe, Mrs. Harry C. 
Cramp, Mrs. Theodore 
Curtis, Mr. Cyrus H. K. 
Downs, Mrs. Norton 
Drexel, Mrs. 
Drexel, Mrs. George W. 

Childs 
Greene, Mrs. William H. 
Guin, Mrs. John 
Hale, Mrs. James 
Hart, Dr. Charles D. 
Horner, Mr. Wm. McPherson 



Ketterlinus, Mrs. J. S. 
Ketterlinus, Mrs. E. B. 
Kingsley, Mr. Wm. H. 
Lea, Mrs. Charles M. 
Lewis, Miss Anna L. 
Lewis, Miss Nina 
Lewis, Mr. Samuel W. 
Liberty Typewriter Co. 
McKean, Mr. H. P. 
Meigs, Mr. William M. 
Mitchell, Mr. J. Kearsley 
Morton, Mr. A. V. 
Norris, Mrs. Charles 
Penrose, Mr. R. A. F., Jr. 
Rae, Mr. Samuel 
Rawle, Mrs. W. Brooks 
Rhoads, Mr. Charles J. 
Rhoads, Mrs. Charles J. 
Robins, Miss Helen 

ROSENGARTEN, Mr. F. H. 

Smith, Mrs. Philip Henry 
Spencer, Mr. Arthur 
Starr, Mr. Isaac T. 
Stork, Mrs. T. W. 
Stotesbury, Mr. E. T. 



:■ -^ 




Ambulance presented to the Pennsylvania Hospital Unit through 
the kindness of Mr. W. H. Kingsley of Philadelphia. 




Mobile Unit No. 8, U. S. A. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 201 

Stotesbury, Mrs. E. T. American Red Cross, S. E. 

Townsend, Mr. J. B., Jr. Penna. Chap. 

Turner, Mrs. William J. Interest, Guarantee Trust 

Vaux, Mrs. J. Waln Co. 

Welsh, Mr. Interest, Guarantee Trust 

Wentz, Mr. D. B. Co. 



REGISTRAR'S STATISTICS 

BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 1 6 

France, June 13, 1017— to Feb. 4, 1919 











Admissions 










Sick 


Wounded 


Month 


a 



ft 


O 
p-j 


u 

a 

a 

u 


J4 






a 

u 

ft 


u 
a> 

en 

a 


•0 

•a 


Total sick 
and 
wounded 


1917 




















2IO 


43 


68 


321 


169 




169 


490 








750 


34 


172 


956 


1,482 




1,482 


2,438 








876 


40 


no 


1 ,026 


1,604 




1,604 


2,630 






Sept 


473 


44 


118 


63s 


1,177 




i,i77 


1,812 


Oct 


836 


24 


136 


996 


2, 119 


2 


2,121 


3,n7 




881 


77 


144 


1, 102 


992 


2 


994 


2,096 


Dec 


588 


80 


115 


783 


I, 129 


II 


1,140 


1,923 


1018 




















812 


no 


83 


1,005 


192 




192 


1,197 






Feb 


476 


25 


80 


581 


120 




120 


701 






Mar 


630 


49 


91 


770 


1,947 




1,947 


2,717 




502 


137 


522 


1,161 


539 


653 


1, 192 


2,353 




1,583 


475 


155 


2,213 


775 


2 


777 


2,990 


June 


1, 100 


864 


75 


2,039 


224 


3 


227 


2,266 


July 


1,264 


323 


112 


1,699 


499 




499 


2,198 




1,618 


56 


137 


1,811 


3,682 




3,682 


5,493 


Sept 


1,835 


85 


7i 


1,991 


1,860 




1,860 


3,851 




1,036 


264 


87 


1,387 


2,596 


13 


2,609 


3,996 




1,448 


156 


114 


1,720 


526 


1 


527 


2,247 




474 


75 


64 


613 


50 


62 


112 


725 


1010 


1 
















664 


SO 


138 


802 








852 


Feb 


1 




1 








1 


Venerels 


560 


I 




560 








560 


Total 


18,616 


3,014 


3,592 


24,222 


21,682 


710 


22,413 


46,653 



Table compiled by Private Joseph L. Strain. 



202 



REGISTRAR'S STATISTICS 

BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 1 6 











France, 


JUNE 13, I917-TO 


Feb. 


X, 191s 
























Discharges 








cfl 

>, 


> 

C 

O 

O 

6 






Sick 


Wounded 


•a 
a 
cs 

a) 

5 g 


c 



•a 
o 


to 

Is 

aj 

Q 


•0 

n 
«t 
"Si 
a 
W 


4J 
O 
P. 
CO 

a 







d 


u 






"3 




CO 
U 

Q 


■a 

a 

d 

"So 
c 
W 



p. 
<u 

•a 

a 

O 


13 


ft 

O 

U 

O 


•a 

3 § 


3 


> 

*s 

6 


1917 


































164 


188 


33 


II 


396 


12 


523 


271 


58 


5 


869I 1,265 


2 










July 


2 


308 


295 


69 


1 xi 


685 


44 


287 


170 


7 


1 


509I 1,194 


1 


8 


Aug 


1 


322 


396 


in 


6 


836 


19 


1. 37i 


686 


146 


6 


2,228| 3,064 


16 


16 


Sept 


1 


447 


361 


125 


5 


939 


4 


369 


380 


73 


1 


827| 1,766 


n 


10 


Oct 


2 


540 


329 


92 


1 13 


970 


33 


i,3i5 


660 


81 


32 


2,I2l| 3,091 


19 


13 




2 


477 


376 


138 


1 * 


994 


14 


862 


287 


66 


9 


l,238| 2,232 


8 


10 


Dec 


1 


323 


332 


175 


1 19 


850 


24 


866 


566 


1 45 


39 


1 i,54o| 2,390 


9 


10 


1918 








1 












1 






Jan 


2 


393 


226 


150 


1 9 


780 


8 


192 


86 


I 7 


I 


294I 1,074 


5 


6 


Feb 


2 


320 


241 


155 


1 31 


749 


1 


119 


54 


1 10 


I 


i85| 934 


3 


5 


Mar 


2 


462 


358 


1 109 


| 181 


1, 112 


21 


1,007 


416 


25 


498 


i,967| 3,079 


11 


9 


Apr 


2 


150 


322 


213 


1 64 


757 


12 


304 


332 


1 25 


38 


7ii| 1,486 


8| 4 




7 


737 


480 


1 402 


1 45 


1,671 


34 


488 


327 


I 67 


29 


| 945| 2,616 


15 


1 I. 

1 9 


June 


8 


708 


511 


70s 


220 


2,152 


4 


259 


209 


1 57 


4 


| 533| 2,685 


9 


July 


6 


364 


518 


564 


84 


1,536 


1 


174 


73 


1 *7 


1 


266| 1,802 


I8| 6 


Aug 


8 


877 


822 


1 404 


| 262 


2,373 


24 


1,998 


990 


1 127 


3 


| 3,142! 5,515 


26| 23 


Sept 


4 


548 


383 


1 168 


| 631 


1,734 


36 


1,475 


705 


1 73 


2 


1 2,29l| 4,025 


23 1 19 


Oct 


3i 


566 


418 


1 246 


95 


1,356 


72 


1,584 


495 


I 72 


8 


I 2,23l| 3,587 


23I 18 




45 


377 


622 


1 661 


| 28 


1,733 


33 


688 


332 


1 194 


4 


| i,25i| 2,984 


I3| 9 


Dec 


8 


291 


42g 


1 572 


1 8r 


1,381 


2 


no 


18 


1 56 




l86| 1,567 


3| 4 


1919 








1 








1 




1 1 


1 




4 


627 


1 


1 178 


| 35 


845 




3 


1 1-- 


1 4l 849I 3l 5 


Feb 


2 






1 £ 


I 153 


1 164 






|.... 


1 * 


| 




• 1 i6 4 | 






















|.... 




| S60 


| S60 




| | !.. 




■1 56o| | 
















Total... 


140 


9,006 


7,60c 


|5,27S 


|2,544 


J24.573 


398 


14,004 


7, 555 


|l,207|68s 


|23,238|47,8n|236|l98 



Table compiled by Private Joseph L. Strain. 



203 



ROSTER OF PENNSYLVANIA BASE 
HOSPITAL NO. io, U. S. A. 

May 18, 191 7 

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 

Major Matthew A. DeLaney, Medical Corps, U. S. "Army, 

Commanding. 
Major Richard H. Harte, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, 

Director. 
Captain N. L. McDiarmid, Medical Corps, U. S. Army, Adjutant. 
Captain H. L. Kidwell, Quartermaster's Reserve Corps, U. S. 

Army, Quartermaster. 
Major John H. Gibbon, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, 

Chief of Surgical Service. 
Major George W. Norris, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, 

Chief of Medical Service. 

PROFESSIONAL STAFF 

Captains 

Wm. J. Taylor, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Francis R. Packard, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

J. E. Sweet, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Wm. T. Shoemaker, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Arthur Newlin, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Charles F. Mitchell, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Edward B. Hodge, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Henry C. Earnshaw, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

John M. Cruice, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 
1st Lieutenants 

Edward Bell Krumbhaar, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. 
Army. 

Norris W. Vaux, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

204 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 205 

William Drayton, Jr., Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

J. Howard Cloud, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Arthur H. Gerhard, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Frank C. Knowles, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Henry K. Dillard, Jr., Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Williams B. Cadwalader, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. 
Army. 

John B. Flick, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Charles S. Jack, Dental Surgeon Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 

Edwin Shoemaker, Dental Surgeon Reserve Corps, U. S. 
Army. 
Chaplain — Edward M. Jefferys, American Red Cross. 

reserve nurses, army nurse corps, u. s. army 
Chief Nurse — Margaret A. Dunlop 
Assistant Chief Nurse — Eva Gerhard 



NURSES 



Albright, Carrie S. 
Andrews, Martha M. 

Baird, Annie 
Beck, Nell 
Black, Selena 
Burkey, Florence M. 
Byer, Mary 

Carter, Helen Cole 
Cushen, Mary 

Dawson, Estelle L. 
Davis, Harriet 

Eckman, Elizabeth B. 
Edwards, Catharine K. 
Elliott, Bertha 
Ellis, Harriet 



Fairchild, Helen 
Faunce, Amanda D. 
Fidler, Sara A. 
French, Elizabeth 
Fuhrmann, Amina 

Gage, Helen (Mrs.) 
Gault, Jennie 
Grissinger, Olive 

Hacking, Helen 
Hanson, Ada 
Hendrickson, Georgia E. 
Hobbs, Ellen J. 
Hollings, Clara 
Hodgson, Mary 
Hood, Anna L. 
Holmes, Emily A. 



2o6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



Kleibscheidel, Utie 
Krumanocker, Lucy 
Krumanocker, Ruth 

lofgren, elma 

MacNeal, Jane C. 
McClelland, Helen Grace 
Moore, Edith M. 

O'Brien, Estelle Warner 
O'Neill, Elizabeth 

Powell, Elizabeth 
Phillips, Julia S. (Mrs.) 

Ralston, Alice Hough 
Reading, Romana 
Replogle, Effie 
Robelin, Caroline 
Rodgers, Mary L. 



SlLVERNELL, ELIZABETH G. 

Smith, S. Annabel 
Smith, Gertrude C. 
Smith, Helen 
Smith, May H. 
Stambaugh, Isabella 
Swartz, Ida M. 

Tomlinson, Ella H. 
Tait, Elizabeth M. 

Voltz, Elizabeth 
Voris, Sarah L. 

Wagner, Florence E. 
Williams, Hazel 

Zerbe, Mina 
Zimmerman, Ada 



Dietitian — Florence Bettman, American Red Cross 



CIVILIAN EMPLOYES 

[ Krumbhaar, Helen D., American Red Cross 
Secretaries j Harter, Ruth, American Red Cross 

1 Farrell, Katherine G., American Red Cross 



THE HOSPITAL COMPANY 

ENLISTED FORCE, MEDICAL DEPT., U. S. ARMY 

Sergeants, ist Class Fenton, Wm. J. 

Harp, Lewis D. Reinhardt, James W. 

Sergeants Shean, Francis E. 

Cross, Raymond T. Brazwell, Joseph G. 

Cook Sturdwick, Albert J. 



medical enlisted reserve corps 



Sergeant, ist Class 

ROSENGARTEN, J. CLIFFORD 

Seaver, Howard E. 

Howe, George 
Sergeants 

Ryer, Harry T. 

Stanton, Harrison C. 
Privates 

Allwine, John A. 

Bache, Franklin, Jr. 

Baker, Otto E. 

Baldwin, Russell C. 

Barber, Paul M. 

Barratt, Thomas L. 

Bischoff, John P. 

Bischoff, Walter L. 

Black, Robert 

Bleloch, James C. 

Borie, Sewell W. J. 

Bowers, George C. 

Boyle, John 

Bradley, Hiram L. 



Brown, Harry V. 
Brown, Marlyn 
Privates 

Campbell, Charles R. 
Carpenter, Joseph G. 
Carroll, John M. 
Chaitt, William 
Chalk, Frank T. 
Chambers, David, Jr. 
Chapman, Samuel H., Jr. 
Cheston, James, 4th 
Chew, Earl O. 
Clanet, Philippe 
Clark, William, Jr. 
Clarke, Fred. 
Cochran, Jerrold S. 
Cornell, Horace H. 
Cresse, Charles J. 
Crider, Paul M. 
Dannehower, William F. 
Daubenspeck, Arthur R. 
Dejean, Frank 



207 



2o8 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



De Ritis, Francis J. 
De Shields, William L., 
Jr. 

DlFFENDAL, JOSEPH B. 

Dilks, Harry P., 2d 
Dochney, Frank X. 
Dooley, Daniel J. 
Downs, Stephen W. 
Droughman, Mark A. 
Dunham, Frank P. 
Ellis, George J. 
Ferry, Charles T. 
Filer, Wilbur 
Fine, John H., Jr. 
Foreman, Jacob Vickers 
Forgues, Joseph 
Fox, Elmer E. 
Garrett, Henry L. 
Gerhart, Harry E., Jr. 
Glenn, Thomas H., Jr. 
Granbow, Herbert W. 
Greene, Frank L. 
Greer, Francis C. 
Greer, Robert B. 
Grigg, Harold M. 
Gunthorp, William, Jr. 
Gurley, Richard H. 
Hagenbuch, Joseph S. 
Hamilton, Irwin 
Hammond, Jay W. 
Hartshorne, Charles 
Haslett, William C. 
Hathaway, Nathanil, Jr. 
Hay, Kenneth B. 
Heenan, Edward A. 
Heulings, Howard N. 
Hoffman, William A. 



Hoffman, Fenno 
Halloway, John W. 
Horstick, Walter K. 
Hurd, Fritz D. 
Jabaut, Seward W. 
Jones, Herbert L. 
Kellenbach, Paul E. 
Kendall, Louis D. 
Kendall, Charles W., 

Jr. 
Kirkbride, Myron W. 
Knapp, William C 
Kraft, Bayard R. 
Layman, Andrew J. 
Le Clereq, Jack C 
MacLachlan, James 
MacMillan, Ernest H, 
Magill, James P. 
Mangeng, Joseph G. 
Marren, John A. 
McCahan, William G. 
McCormick, Russell C 
McDonough, John C. 
Metz, Constantine L. 
Miller, John A. 
Milligan, Robert D. 
Mirkil, Harold H. 
Moore, Robert W. 
Moore, Willard B. 
Nichols, Ernest H. 
Noble, Bayard 
Pancoast, Charles E. 
Pack, John F., Jr. 
Paskey, Anthony J. 
Powell, Charles F. 
Price, Ferris L. 
Ramsey, Lawrence M. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 209 



Reeve, William F., 3D. 

SCHILLINGER, JOHN L. 

Schwartz, William L. 
Shaw, Ralph W. 
Shean, Louis V. 
Sheldon, Charles H. 
Sherwood, Lewis 
Shipley, Morris S., Jr. 
Shortall, Joseph P. 
Sibley, Francis L. 
Silvernail, Clarke H. 
Smith, Edward L., Jr. 
Smith, William B. 
Stanger, Charles S. 
Stief, David R. 
Stierlen, Henry F. 
Stinson, Leo F. 
Stoddart, Joseph T. 
Strain, Joseph L. 



Sullivan, Gerald J. 
Tasker, Charles J. 
Tate, John P. 
Thomas, John W. 
Thompson, Robert H., Jr. 
Timm, Frank C. 
Turner, Gildon E. 
Van Vliet, Morris E. 
Vizner, John W. 
Wack, John J. 
Wagner, Charles M. 
Ward, Ralph 

WlLFONG, WlLLARD N. 

Williams, Paul A. 
Wilson, George B. 
Witwer, Charles L. 
Wright, Howard G. 
Wright, Sydney L., Jr. 
Zerega, John W. 



14 



SUPPLEMENTARY PERSONNEL 

Joined the Unit Later in 1917 



OFFICERS 



Captain 

J. Paul Austin 

1st. Lieutenants 

Richard C. Beebe 
Wm. L. Cunningham 
Michael M. Nolan 



Adams, Lillian 
Acer, Charlotte 
Anderson, Sara 
Austin, Emma M. 

Bartlett, Ella (Mrs.) 
Beatty, Lorraine 
Bell, Sara 



1st. Lieutenants 

Geo. W. Outerbridge 
Isaac B. Roberts 
William Whitaker 
H. B. Wilmer 
Hershey E. Orndoff 



nurses 



Eden, Marie C. (Mrs.) 
Edwards, Leta M. 

Fretz, Ida 

Garverich, Helene 
Gorrell, Nell 
Groben, Gertrude I. 



Bevelander, Grace W. (Mrs.) Groom, Mildred 
Blessing, Bertha G. 
Benton, Mary V. 
Brown, Mary E. 



Hartman, Stella 
Hershberger, Florence 
Holmes, Lizzie 



Carr, Rebecca J. 
Cole, Clara L. 
Conery, Martha G. 

Dailey, Sarah C. (Mrs.) 
Dardenne, Angele 
Detwiler, Sara 
Dunlop, Beatrice 



Inman, Nellie 
Kraemer, Elamina 
Lloyd, Imogene 
McCafferty, Annie 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 211 



McCombe, Margaret 
McElhenney, Anna M. 
McElhenney, Maliss 
McIntosh, Rosalie 
McNichol, Susan 
Malcolm, Ethel 
Martin, Mrs. Mary M. 
Mast, Lucille 
Maxwell, Jane C. 
Meister, Olive 
Metz, Bessie 
Miller, Elsie B. 
Moore, Edith M. 
Murphy, Anna D. 

Obenchain, Edna 

Platt, Hazel 
Potter, Emma E. 



Powell, Margaret 
Price, Kathryn 

Rambo, Leslie 
Ravenel, Julia J. 
Richards, Sophia 

Safford, Elsie M. 
Shaw, Edith 
Smith, Addie 
Shortsleeves, Mary 

Updyke, Alyda 

Wallace, Zilla M. 
Waltimate, Caroline 
White, Mabel A. 
Whiteside, Florence 
Whitman, Irene 



ENLISTED MEN 



Armstrong, Nelson, Jr. 
Baker, Howard E. 
Bartlett, James H. 
Bollinger, J. Guy 
Brandon, Henry 
Brown, Harold G. 
Callahan, Arthur F. 
Calvert, Raymond H. 
Caulfield, Edw. James 
Cooper, Jack P. 
Cronne, Ernest E. 
Crossing, Cecil W. T. 
Crowell, Francis J. 
Derr, George R. 
duMarais, Maurice B. 
Dusseau, Edward E. 



Engelkraut, George 
Fallon, Frank J. 
Farmer, Fred. 
Harbolt, S. Norman 
Hedges, John 
Hoge, Thomas R. 
Horn, William A. 
Houseman, Charles M. 
Johnson, Albert D., Jr. 
LeBoutillier, Henry W. 
Lee, John 

Lee, Valentine B., Jr. 
Leech, Gordon 
McLaughlin, George J. 
MacKay, John R. 
MacMillan, John C. 



2i2 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



MacMurray, Thomas 
Milligan, John Kelso 
Oberholtzer, Charles H. 
O'Brien, Patrick F. 
Ponsford, Walter W. 
Price, E. Melville 
Reagan, Penrose W. 
Rocap, Read 



Rodgers, John W. 
Rogers, Matthew J. 
Straub, Ralph 
Thompson, H. B. 
Buchanan, William G. 
Wilkins, W. C, Jr. 
Wright, Arthur 



SERVICES OF OFFICERS OF BASE 
HOSPITAL NO. io 

JAMES PAUL AUSTIN. 

Ordered into Service, August n, 1917. Captain. Major, Feb- 
ruary 17, 1919. Base Hospital No. 10, Medical and Surgical 
duties. 34th Division, B. E. F. Medical and Surgical work 
with 104th Field Ambulance and 43d Casualty Clearing 
Station. Regimental Medical Officer, I52d Royal Field 
Artillery and 226. Northumberland Fusiliers. Attached to 
Base Hospital No. 10, August 11, 191 7. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. In service twenty- 
one months. 

RICHARD C. BEEBE. 

Ordered into Service, August 10, 191 7. First Lieutenant. 
Captain, February, 19 19. Surgical service Base Hospital No. 
10. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, August, 19 17. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, April 24, 1919. Twenty-one months 
in service. 

SAMUEL BRADBURY. 

Ordered into Service, May 5, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
October 21, 19 18. Medical Officer, nth Engineers; recruiting 
duty May, camp June and July. Overseas July 14, 191 7. 
Cambrai offensive and defensive, 19 17. Oise-Aisne, August, 
19 1 8. St. Mihiel, September, 19 18. Medical Ward service at 
Base Hospital No. 10. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, 
October 19, 191 8. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. 

WILLIAMS B. CADWALADER. 

Ordered into Service, May 1, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
December, 1917. Major, July, 1918. Neurologist, Base 

213 



2i 4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Hospital No. 10. Consultant in Neurology and Psychiatry. 
Office of Medical and Surgical Consultant, Neuf-Chateau. 
Discharged February 19, 191 9. Twenty-one months in service. 

JOSEPH HOWARD CLOUD. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
October 1, 191 8. Major, February 20, 1919. Medical wards, 
June-October, 19 17. Laboratory work, October, 1917-JuIy, 
1 9 18. Isolation division, July, 1918-December, 19 18. Medical 
wards, December, 19 18 to closing of hospital. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 1919. In service twenty- 
three months. 

JOHN M. CRUICE. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. Captain. Major, August 
28, 1918. In charge of Medical Huts, Base Hospital No. 10. 
Division Medical Gas Officer, 78th Division, A. E. F. October 
18-December 1, 19 18. Division Supervisor of Bathing and 
Delousing, December 1, 1918-January 29, 19 19. Division 
Supervisor of Bathing and Delousing, 85th Division, Feb- 
ruary 2, 1919-February 24, 19 19. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, March 19, 19 19. In service twenty- 
two months. 

JOHN RUMSEY DAVIES, JR. 

Ordered into Service, July 1, 191 8. First Lieutenant. Otologist 

and Laryngologist, Base Hospital No. 10. Detached, February 

15, 19 1 9 for duty St. Aignan-Noyes. Attached Base Hospital 

No. 10, August 29, 1918. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 1, 19 19. Ten months in 

service. 

MATTHEW A. DELANEY, M. C, U. S. A. 

Ordered into Service with Base Hospital No. 10, May 1, 19 17. 
Major. Lieut. Colonel, May 15, 191 7. Colonel, December 22, 
19 1 7. Commanding Officer Base Hospital No. 10. U. S. 
Liason Officer, British War Office, March 12, 19 18. 
Mentioned in dispatches by Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig, 
December 29, 19 17. Decorated by the Prince of Wales with 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 215 

the Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George. Also 
British Campaign Medal. 

HENRY DILLARD. 

Ordered into Service, May 5, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
April 16, 19 1 8. Major, October 16, 19 18. Surgical and Medical 
work with Base Hospital No. 10. Medical Officer at Tank 
Base at Mers two weeks. March 21, 19 18, sent to No. 32 
C. C. S. at Marchelot, later attached to Stationary Hospital 
41 at Cerisy. Wounded in Amiens, March 26, 19 18. Evacuated 
to England April 4. Patient in Prince of Wales Hospital, 
London, until June 5, 19 18. Appointed Commanding Officer 
to American Red Cross Convalescent Hospital 101 at Leng- 
field, Surrey. In charge of Hospital 101 from that date to 
September 1, 191 8. Returned to France September 6, 19 18. 
1 st Division, B. E. F., attached to No. 2 Field Ambulance 
and took part in engagements until armistice. October 31, 
1 9 1 8, sent to 6th Battalion Welsh Regiment and later appointed 
Medical Officer in charge 6th Welsh Regiment. Accompanied 
them on march to Germany, November 14, to December 23. 
With Army of Occupation in area of 1st Division, B. E. F., 
from December 23, 1918, to April 4, 1919. Ordered back to 
A. E. F. on that date. Reported to Savenay April 8, 19 19, and 
sailed for U. S. A. May 3, 1919. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, May 13, 19 19. 

WILLIAM DRAYTON, JR. 

Ordered into Service, May 6, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
October, 19 18. Medical and Surgical work; Isolation Depart- 
ment, and Registrar at Base Hospital No. 10. Base Hospital 
No. 8, A. E. F., Psychiatric Department. Red Cross Military 
Hospital, MaghuII, England. 
Discharged July 8, 1919. Twenty-six months in service. 

HENRY CULP EARNSHAW. 

Ordered into Service,May 15,1917. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
September 10, 1917. Major, February 24, 1919. Medical 
Service at Base Hospital No. 10. Consultant in general 



216 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

medicine to the 6th Army Corps, in the St. Mihiel Sector; 
after armistice, Luxembourg and Germany, A. E. F. 
Discharged at Philadelphia, Pa., April 15, 1919. 

JOHN BERNARD FLICK. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
February 17, 19 19. Surgical Assistant, Base Hospital No. 10. 
British General Hospital No. 3, September-October, 19 17, 
surgical work. Medical Officer Tank Reinforcement Depot, 
February-March, 1918. British Surgical Team No. 23, C. C. S., 
August 25, to November 13, 19 18. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 23, 191 9. Twenty-three 
months in service. 

JOHN H. GIBBON. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. Major. Lieut. Colonel, 
June, 1 91 8. Colonel, November, 19 18. Surgical Service at 
Base Hospital No. 10. C. C. S. No. 61, October and November, 

19 1 7. Permanent detachment, December, 191 7. Assigned as 
Consultant in Surgery in the A. E. F. and served in the Toul 
Sector to the 1st, 26th, and 82d Divisions and later the 
Fourth Corps. On October 26, 19 18, was sent as Surgical 
Consultant to the American Hospitals in England. Arrived 
in New York December 26, 191 8, on Hospital Ship Saxonia. 
Discharged at Washington, D. C, January 4, 19 19. In service 
nineteen months. 

ARTHUR HOWELL GERHARD. 

Ordered into Service, May 5, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Medical 
work with Base Hospital No. 10. Medical and Sanitation work 
elsewhere. December, 191 7, to March, 191 8, attached as 
Medical Officer Tank Corps, B. E. F. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 23, 19 19. Twenty-three 
months in service. 

ROBERT BRATTON GREER. 

Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private. Corporal, March, 

19 1 8. Sergeant, April, 1918. Sergeant 1st Class, August, 19 18. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 217 

First Lieutenant Sanitary Corps, November 25, 19 18. Orderly, 
O. C.'s Clerk, Sanitary Officer, at Base Hospital No. 10. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. Twenty-three 
months in service. 

JOSEPH SELIGMAN HAGENBUCH. 

Ordered into Service, May 5 or 7, 19 17. Private. First Lieu- 
tenant, Sanitary Corps, May, 191 8. Captain, S. C, December, 
1 91 8. Dispensary work at Base Hospital No. 10. Medical 
Supply department, Sanitary Corps. Still in France as Captain 
in the Red Cross, in charge of their station at St. Sulpice, 
France. 
Discharged at Coblentz, September, 19 19. 

RICHARD H. HARTE. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. Major Medical Reserve 
Corps, U. S. A. Lt. Colonel, May, 1918. Colonel, October 23, 
19 18. Director and Commanding Officer, Base Hospital No. 
10. Assistant Director Surgical Service in France. November, 
1918, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C. 
Mentioned in dispatches by General Sir Douglas Haig. 
Medal Companion St. Michael and St. George. British War 
Medal. Citation by General Pershing. Order of Leopold by 
the Belgian Government. 
Discharged January 31, 1919. In service twenty months. 

EDWARD BLANCHARD HODGE. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. Lieutenant U. S. Reserve 
Corps. Captain, September 10, 19 17. Major, September 24, 
1 91 8. Lt. Colonel, February 17, 191 9. Surgeon in charge of 
Ward Group, Base Hospital No. 10. Commanding Officer 
Mobile Hospital No. 8, A. E. F., at Paris, September 15- 
October 13, 19 18. Commanding Officer Mobile Hospital No. 
8, 1st Army, October 13, 19 18, to January 11, 19 19, at Deux 
Noeuds devant Brangee, Exermont, Vanneus and Joinville 
haute Marne. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. In service twenty- 
three months. 



218 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

GEORGE HOWE. 

Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private, U. S. M. R. C. 
Sergeant, 1st Class, May 19, 191 7. First Lieutenant, Corps of 
Interpreters, December 8, 19 17. In charge of Registrar's 
Office, Base Hospital No. 10. Intelligence Section, G. H. Q., 
A. E. F., October 14, 1917 to April 4, 1918. Assistant Military 
Attache, Berne, Switzerland, April 4, 19 18, to January 10, 
1919. A. P. C. Political Intelligence Section, January 10 
to August 26. From April 4 to August 26, 19 19, served with 
the A. P. C. as civilian with post as American Commissioner 
on the Interallied Commission for the Control of Teschen. 
Discharged in France, April 4, 1919. In service twenty-three 
months. 



CHARLES S. JACK. 

Ordered into Service, May 4, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Major, 
February 10, 191 8. Lt. Colonel, February 2, 19 19. Dental 
Surgeon, Base Hospital No. 10. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. Twenty-three 
months in service. 



EDWARD MILLER JEFFERYS (S. T. D.) 

Ordered into Service, May 3, 19 17. Chaplain. First Lieutenant, 
October 29, 19 18. Captain, November 13, 1919. Chaplain of 
Base Hospital No. 10 and Church of England Chaplain of 
No. 16 General and Isolation Division. Chaplain's School, 
St. Omer and distribution of Nurses various C. C. S.'s in 
Flanders, Autumn, 19 17. Temporary Chaplain, B. R. C. No. 
10, General Hospitals 47 and 3, Canadian 3, British Labor 
Battalions, Australian Infantry, British Tanks. Evacuation 
Hospital 18, Second Army, A. E. F., in Lorraine, December 
24, 19 1 8, to January 8, 19 19. Headquarters Third Army, 
A. E. F., Coblenz, Germany, January 8, 19 19, to March 
4, 1919. 

Discharged at Boston, Mass., May 7, 19 19. In service twenty- 
four months and five days. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 219 

PETER McCALL KEATING. 

Ordered into Service, October 21, 19 16. First Lieutenant, 
M. R. C. Captain, June 29, 19 17. Adjutant and Company 
Commander; Summary Court Officer, Base Hospital No. 10. 
H. S. A. T. 1st Division, Surgeon. A. R. C. M. H. No. 1. 
M. H. No. 8. Head of Surgical Team. Attached to Base 
Hospital No. 10, January, 19 19. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 18, 1919. In service 
thirty months. 

HERBERT L. KIDWELL. 

Ordered into Service, May 3, 191 7. Captain. Major, September 
7, 19 1 8. Lt. Colonel, February 17, 191 9. Quartermaster at 
Base Hospital No. 10. Depot Q. M. Advance Q. M. Depot 
No. 1, Is-sur-tille. Relieved as Q. M., Base Hospital No. 10, 
December 1, 19 17. 
Commissioned service continuous to date. 

FRANK CROZIER KNOWLES. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
November 13, 1917. Major, February 20, 1919. Lt. Colonel, 
June 18, 19 1 9. Dermatologist at Base Hospital No. 10. 
Consultant in Dermatology, A. E. F., July, 19 18, to De- 
cember, 19 1 8. 

Discharged at the Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, 
D. C, May 26, 1919. In service twenty-four and a half 
months. 

EDWARD BELL KRUMBHAAR. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 1917. Lieutenant. Captain, 
October 6, 19 17. Major, February 17, 19 19. Pathologist at 
Base Hospital No. 10. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 19 19. 

EDWARD G. LATZ. 

Ordered into Service, December 4, 19 13. Private. Sergeant, 
March 9, 19 17. Sergeant, 1st Class, March 4, 191 8. 2d Lieu- 
tenant Sanitary Corps, October 26, 19 18. Served in Punitive 
Expedition, Mexico, March 17, 191 6, to February 5, 191 7. 



220 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Served with 15th Field Artillery, A. E. F., December 25, 
19 1 7, to November 14, 1918. Attached to Base Hospital 
No. 10, November 17, 191 8, as Sanitary Officer, and served 
with that organization until April 22, 1919. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 1919. In service five 
years and four months. 

NORMAN L. McDIARMID, M. C, U. S. A. 

Ordered into Service with Base Hospital No. 10, May 4, 191 7. 
Captain. Major, May 15, 19 17. Lt. Colonel, June 13, 19 18, 
to rank from January 9, 191 8. Colonel, May 5, 19 19. Adjutant, 
Base Hospital No. 10. Supply Desk, Chief Surgeon's Office, 
A. E. F. Division Surgeon, 90th Division. 

CHARLES FRANKLIN MITCHELL. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
October 4, 19 17. Major, June 28, 19 18. Lt. Colonel, February 
26, 1919. In charge of Surgical wards No. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 
A & D Hut, at Base Hospital No. 10. Also of Surgical Division. 
In Command of Unit from November 4, 1918. Attached 
C. C. S. No. 61, B. E. F., July 21, 1917, to October 6, 1917. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 19 19. In service 
twenty-three months. 

ARTHUR NEWLIN. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
September 9, 191 7. Major, October 1, 19 18. Medical Director. 
Chief Medical Director, March, 19 18, to February, 19 19, 
Base Hospital No. 10. Attached to C. C. S. No. 61, October 
and November, 19 17. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 15, 1919. In service 
twenty-three months. 

MICHAEL McCORMACK NOLAN. 

Ordered into Service, August 11, 19 17. First Lieutenant. 
Captain, June 21, 19 18. Major, February 17, 19 19. Medical 
and Surgical services at Base Hospital No. 10. Surgical Service, 
British General Hospital No. 3. 23 Field Hospital, Surgical. 
2d Middlesex Regiment, Medical Officer. 13 R. G. Artillery, 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 221 

Medical Officer. 14th Engineers, U. S., Medical Officer. 
Mobile Hospital No. 8, U. S., Medical service. Attached 
Base Hospital No. 10, September 2, 191 7. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 17, 19 19. In service 
twenty months. 

GEORGE WILLIAM NORRIS. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 1917. Captain. (First Lieu- 
tenant, M. R. C, May 12, 191 1.) Major, September 10, 

191 7. Lt. Colonel, June 6, 191 8. Colonel, November 16, 1918. 
Chief of Medical Division, Base Hospital No. 10. Toul Sector, 
Medical Consultant, 4th Army Corps. Lecturer, Sanitary 
School at Langies. Chief Medical Consultant, Base Section 
3, (England). C. O. Troops Hospital Ship Saxonia. 
Discharged at Hoboken, December 27, 191 8. In service nine- 
teen months. 

Re-commissioned Colonel, M. R. C, inactive list, February, 
1919. 

GEORGE WHITNEY OUTERBRIDGE. 

Ordered into Service, August 11, 191 7. First Lieutenant. 
Captain, October 8, 191 8. Chiefly Surgical Ward dressings at 
Base Hospital No. 10. Medical work at Stationary Hospital 
No. 5, B. E. F., Dieppe, February 15, 1918, to March 30, 

1 91 8. Mobile Hospital No 8, A. E. F., October 8, 19 18, to 
January 13, 1919. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 19 19. In service 
twenty months. 

FRANCIS RANDOLPH PACKARD. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
September 20, 1917. Major, October 1, 1918. Laryngologist 
and Otologist to Base Hospital No. 10. Anesthetist at 
British C. C. S. No. 61, July 21, 19 17, to October 6, 1917. 
Centre Consultant in Otology and Laryngology, District of 
Paris, September 11, 191 8, to December 27, 19 18. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., January 25, 1919. In service 
twenty months and ten days. 



222 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

LAWRENCE M. RAMSEY. 

Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private. Second Lieu- 
tenant, July 10, 19 1 8. Acting Liaison officer and Ammunition 
officer with 26th Division, 103d Field Artillery. Went into the 
Chateau Thierry-Aisne offensive. St. Mihiel offensive. 
Meuse-Argonne battle. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., May 16, 19 19. 

ISAAC BURTON ROBERTS. 

Ordered into Service, August 11, 19 17. First Lieutenant. 
Captain, August 18, 19 18. Medical Division and Isolation 
Division, Base Hospital No. 10. Six weeks with No. 3 British 
General Hospital, Le Treport, September and October, 191 7. 
Anesthetist in British C. C. S.'s August 25 to November 13, 
19 1 8. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, August 11, 191 7. 
Discharged at St. Aignan, France, March 9, 1919. In service 
nineteen months. 

J. CLIFFORD ROSENGARTEN. 

Ordered into Service, May 7, 19 17. Private. Sergeant, 1st 
Class, May 23, 19 17. 2d Lieutenant, Courier Service, at 
Tours, November 20, 191 8. 

Discharged at Tours, November 20, 191 8. Twenty-seven 
months in service. 

HOWARD EWES SEAVER. 

Ordered in Service, May 9, 19 17. Private. 2d Lieutenant, 
Q. M. C, Dec. 9, 19 1 8. Assistant Quartermaster and Quarter- 
master, Base Hospital No. 10. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 21, 19 19. In service twenty- 
three months. 

EDWIN SHOEMAKER. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 1917. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
February 10, 19 18. Major, February 17, 19 19. Dental Surgeon, 
Base Hospital No. 10. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 1919. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 223 

WILLIAM TOY SHOEMAKER. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
September 4, 19 17. Major, September 3, 191 8. Opthalmic 
Surgeon at Base Hospital No. 10. Consultant Opthalmologist. 
November, 19 18, to Consultant Staff, Base Section No. 3, 
London, A. E. F. 

Discharged from service at Hoboken, December 30, 1918. 
In service nineteen and one-half months. 

JOHN SPEESE. 

Ordered into Service, July 14, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
November 4, 19 17. Major, February 17, 19 19. Operating 
Team, A. E. F.; Champagne, Marne, St. Mihiel. Director, 
Surgical Service, Mobile Hospital No. 8, Argonne. Attached 
to Base Hospital No. 10, January 9, 19 19. 
Citation by General Pershing for work in Champagne with 
Mobile Hospital No. 2. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 23, 19 19. In service twenty- 
two months. 

JOSHUA EDWIN SWEET 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. Captain. Major, No- 
vember 24, 1917. Lt. Colonel, February 17, 19 19. Surgical 
Service and Research at Base Hospital No. 10. Designated 
as Consultant in Research, A. E. F., July 23, 1918. Research 
work on various surgical problems. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. In service twenty- 
three months. 

WILLIAM JOHNSON TAYLOR. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. First Lieutenant, Captain, 
September 10, 191 7. Major, January 9, 191 8. Lt. Colonel, 
November 11, 19 18. Surgeon and afterwards Senior Surgeon 
in charge of Base Hospital No. 10. Detached December 31, 
191 8, and ordered to Savenay and home, leaving Le Treport, 
January 12, 19 19. 

Discharged at Washington, D. C, February 14, 1919. In 
service twenty-one months. 



224 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

NORRIS WISTAR VAUX. 

Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, 
October 5, 191 8. Major, March 29, 1919. Surgical Service and 
adjutant at Base Hospital No. 10. Ordered to C. C. S. July 4 
191 7, on Surgical team. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 23, 1919. In service 
twenty-three months 

WILLIAM WHITAKER. 

First Lieutenant. Captain, August 20, 1918. On duty in 
Surgical Section of Base Hospital No. 10. Attached there 
September 7, 191 7. 

Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 1919. In service 
twenty months. 

HARRY BOND WILMER. 

Ordered into Service, August 12, 19 17. First Lieutenant. 
Captain, October 28, 191 8. Medical Officer on Medical Service; 
Sanitary Officer; Detachment Commander; Adjutant; Officer 
in charge of Entertainment, Base Hospital No. 10. Adjutant 
Mobile Hospital No. 8, A. E. F. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 19, 19 19. 

GEORGE B. WILSON. 

Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private. Corporal, August 
4, 191 7. Sergeant, September 10, 191 7. Sergeant, 1st Class, 
December 15, 1917. Hospital Sgt., May, 1918. 2d Lieutenant, 
Sanitary Corps, November 25, 19 18. Messenger; Ward- 
master and Adjutant at Base Hospital No. 10. 
Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 1919. In service twenty- 
three and one-half months. 



NURSING PERSONNEL OF PENNSYL- 
VANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

LIST OF ORIGINAL SIXTY-FOUR NURSES 



Graduates of Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital 

Dunlop, Margaret A. 
(Chief Nurse) 

Gerhard, Eva (Assistant 
Chief Nurse) 

Andrews, Martha M. 

Beck, Nell 

Black, Selena 

Carter, Helen Cole 

Dawson, Estelle M. 

Davis, Harriet 

Edwards, Katharine 

Eckman, Elizabeth B. 

French, Elizabeth 

Fairchild, Helen 

Faunce, Amanda D. 

Grissinger, Olive M. 

Gage, Helen L., Mrs. 

Hood, Anna 

Holmes, Emily A. 

Hacking, Helen H. 

Hanson, Ada 

Krumanocker, Lucy 

Krumanocker, Ruth 

lofgren, elma 

Moore, Edith M. 

MacNeal, Jane C. 



McClelland, Helen G. 
O'Neill, Elizabeth 
O'Brien, Estelle W. 
Powell, Elizabeth 
Ralston, Alice H. 
Reading, Romana 
Rodgers, Mary L. 
Replogle, Effie 
Smith, May H. 

SlLVERNELL, ELIZABETH G. 

Tomlinson, Ella H. 
Voris, Sara L. 
Wagner, Florence E. 
Williams, Hazel 
Zerbe, Mina 

Graduates of Germantown Hos- 
pital 
Albright, Carrie S. 
Ellis, Harriet 
Gault, Jennie 
Smith, Gertrude 
Voltz, Elizabeth 

Graduates of German Hospital 
Hollings, Clara 
Hodgson, Mary H. 
Elliott, Bertha 



15 



225 



226 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



Graduates of Jewish Hospital 
Baird, Annie 
Byer, Mary 

Graduates of Jefferson Hospital 
Smith, Helen 
Cushen, Mary 
Zimmerman, Ada 
Hobbs, Ellen J. 

Graduates of Polyclinic Hospital 
Fidler, Sara A. 
Fuhrmann, Amina 
Kleibscheidel, Utie 
Hendrickson, Georgia E. 
Tait, Elizabeth M. 



Graduates oj Presbyterian Hos- 
pital 
Robelen, Caroline 
Stambaugh, Isabelle 

Graduates oj Hahneman Hospital 
Smith, S. Annabel 

Graduates oj Medico-Cbi. Hos- 
pital 
Swartz, Ida M. 

Graduates oj Reading Hospital, 
Pa. 
Burkey, Florence M. 
Graduates oj Metropolitan Hos- 
pital, N. Y. 
Phillips, Julia S., Mrs. 



civilians 

Dietetian — Bettman, Florence 
Lab. Tech. — Krumbhaar, Helen D., Mrs. 
Stenographers — Farrell, Katherine 
Harter, Ruth 

RE-INFORCEMENTS ADDED LATER 



July 18, 1917 

Hopkins, Sara S. 
McElhenney, Maliss 
Obenchain, Edna 
Ravenel, Julia J. 
Wolfe, Katherine 

September 21, 19 17 

Adams, Lillian M. 
Bartlett, Ella B., Mrs. 

(Pa. Hosp.) 
Bell, Sarah C. 



Benton, Mary V. 
Brown, Mary E. 
Blessing, Bertha G. 
Cole, Clara L. 
Dardenne, Angele (Pa. 

Hosp.) 
Detwiler, Sara 
Eden, Marie C, Mrs. 
Edwards, Leta M. 
Fretz, Ida E. 
Hershberger, Florence 

M. (Pa. Hosp.) 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 227 



Holmes, Lizzie 

Inman, Nellie C. (Pa. 

Hosp.) 
Kreamer, Elimina R. 
Lloyd, Imogene D. (Pa. 

Hosp.) 
Mast, Lucile 
Maxwell, Jane (Pa. 

Hosp.) 
Malcolm, Ethel 
Miller, Elsie B. 
Metz, Bessie A. 
Murphy, Anna D. 
McCombe, Margaret 
McElhenney, Anna M. 
McNichol, Susan 
Shaw, Edith 
Smith, Addie 
Whitman, Irene 
woltemate, caroline k. 

June 20, 19 1 8 

Ager, Charlotte W. 
Austin, Emma M. 
Bevelander, Grace W., 

Mrs. 
Conery, Martha G. 
Garverich, Helene M. 
Hartman, Stella M. 



Martin, Mary, Mrs. 
Powell, Margaret B. 
Rambo, Leslie A. 
Updyke, Alida. 

October 6, 19 18 

Anderson, Sarah E. 
Beatty, Lorraine 
Carr, Rebecca J. 
Dunlop, Beatrice M. 
Gorrell, Nell 
Groban, Gertrude T. 
Groom, Mildred 
Laird, Annie M. 
McCafferty, Annie M. 
McIntosh, Rosalie (Pa. 

Hosp.) 
Meister, Olive M. 
Potter, Emma 
Rogers, Mary J. 
Richards, Sophia M. 
Safford, Elsie M. 
Wallace, Zilla M. 
White, Mabel A. 
Shortsleeves, Mary 
Platt, Hazel 
Price, Kathryn 

December 27, 19 18, from Rouen 
Dailey, Sarah C, Mrs. 



NURSES OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10, U. S. A., 
TRANSFERRED DURING THE BIG EVACU- 
ATION APRIL 4, 191 8 TO APRIL 20, 191 8 



NURSES TRANSFERRED TO BECOME NURSING PERSONNEL OF 
MOBILE HOSPITAL NO. 8, A. E. F., OCTOBER I, 1918 



Eden, Marie C, Mrs. (Chief 

Nurse). 
Benton, Mary V. 
Black, Selena 
Carter, Helen C. 
Detwiler, Sara C. 
Edwards, Katherine 
Hobbs, Ellen J. 
Holmes, Emily A. 
Inman, Nellie C. 
Kleibscheidel, Utie 



Kreamer, Elimina 
McNichol, Susan 
O'Brien, Estelle W. 
Powell, Elizabeth M. 
Phillips, Julia S., Mrs. 
Smith, Addie 
Tait, Elizabeth M. 
Tomlinson, Ella B. 
Whitman, Irene 
woltemate, caroline k. 
Zerbe, Mina 



NURSES TRANSFERRED TO BASE HOSPITAL NO. 12, B. E. F., 
ROUEN, FRANCE, APRIL 4 TO APRIL 20 IQl8 



Gerhard, Eva (In Charge) 
Albright, Carrie S. 
Baird, Annie 
Byer, Mary 
Cushen, Mary 
Davis, Harriet 
Elliott, Bertha 



Ellis, Harriet 
Gage, Helen L., Mrs. 
Smith, Helen 
Miller, Elsie B. 
O'Neill, Elizabeth 
Swartz, Ida M. 
Whitman, Irene 



Zimmerman, Ada 



228 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 229 



NURSES TRANSFERRED TO BASE HOSPITAL NO. 9, B. E. F., 
ROUEN, APRIL 4 TO APRIL 20, I918 



Eden, Marie C, Mrs. (In 

Charge) 
Bell, Sara C. 
Benton, Mary V. 
Blessing, Bertha G. 
Cole, Clara L. 
Detwiler, Sara L. 
Edwards, Leta M. 



Fretz, Ida M. 
Holmes, Lizzie 
Kreamer, Elimina 
McElhenney, Anna M 
Mast, Lucile 
McNichol, Susan 
Malcolm, Ethel L. 
Woltemate, Caroline 



nurses transferred to base hospital no. 1, b. e. 
etretat, april 4 to april 20, i918 



F., AT 



MacNeal, Jane C. (In Charge) 
Burkey, Florence M. 
Fidler, Sara A. 
Fuhrmann, Amina 
Hacking, Helen H. 
Hobbs, Ellen J. 
Hopkins, Sara S. 



Inman, Nellie S. 
Lloyd, Imogene D. 
Ob enchain, Edna 
Powell, Elizabeth 
Replogle, Effie 
Smith, Addie 
Tomlinson, Ella D. 



Wolfe, Katherine 



NURSES WHO LEFT THE UNIT BY TRANS- 
FER, DEATH, OR RESIGNATION 

Fairchild, Helen, death, January 18, 1918, at 11.21 a. m. 
Voltz, Elizabeth, resigned, April 10, 19 18, to be married to Col. 

DeLaney. 
Cushen, Mary, transferred to A. E. F. No. 6 Evacuation Hospital, 

A. E. F. July 29, 19 1 8. 
Wolfe, Katherine, transferred to Base Hospital No. 34, A. E. F., 

July 10, 19 1 8. 



NURSES TRANSFERRED AFTER THE 
ARMISTICE 

TO HOSPITAL CENTER BAZOILLES-SUR-MEUSE, JAN. 10, I919 

Albright, Carrie S. Maxwell, Jane C. 

Anderson, Sarah E. Moore, Edith M. 

Beatty, Lorraine Platt, Hazel 

Gault, Jennie Price, Katherine 

Groben, Gertrude I. Richards, Sophia M. 

Groom, Mildred Rogers, Mary J. 

Hershberger, Florence Wallace, Zilla 
Whiteside, Florence 

to no. 87 camp hospital, a. e. f. jan. 9, i919 

Bevelander, Grace, Mrs. McCafferty, Anna 

Hartman, Stella Powell, Margaret 

to base hospital no. 103, a. e. f., at dijon, france, jan. ii, i919 

Dunlop, Beatrice * Inman, Nellie C. 

Meister, Olive M. Safford, Elsie M. 

TO BASE SECTOR NO. 4, A. E. F. 

Davis, Harriet, January 6, 19 19 

Hacking, Helen H., February 5, 19 19 to Base Sector 5, A. E. F. 

230 



OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN WHO 
RETURNED WITH THE UNIT 

Lt. Colonel, Charles F. Mitchell, M.C, Commanding Officer 

MEDICAL CORPS 



Lt. Colonels 

Hodge, Edward B. 

Sweet, Joshua E. 
Majors 

Austin, James P. 

Cloud, Joseph H. 

Knowles, Frank C. 

Krumbhaar, Edward M. 

Nolan, Michael M. 

Speese, John 

Vaux, Norris W. 
Captains 

Beebe, Richard C. 



Captains 

Bodine, Francis S. 

Bradbury, Samuel H. 

Flick, John B. 

Keating, Peter M. 

Outerbridge, George W. 

Whitaker, William 

Wilmer, Harry B. 
i st Lieuts. 

Bader, Ellis R. 

Cunningham, William L. 

Feldman, Maurice 

Gerhard, Arthur H. 



dental corps 
Lt. Colonel, Charles S. Jack Major, Edwin Shoemaker 

SANITARY CORPS 

ist Lieut., Robert B. Greer 2d Lieuts., Edward G. Latz 
Wilson, George B. 

quartermaster corps 
2d Lieut., Howard E. Seaver 



231 



232 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



ENLISTED MEN 



Master Hospital Sergeants 

McCahan, William C. 

Reinhart, James W. 
Hospital Sergeant 

Lee, John 
SergeantSt ist Class 

Cornell, Horace H. 

Grambow, Herbert W. 

Kendall, Charles W., Jr. 

Kraft, Bayard R. 

Magill, James P. 

Reagan, Penrose W. 

Reeve, William F. 

Shaw, Ralph W. 

Snay, Ora E. 

Stanton, Harrison C. 

Wilfong, Millard N. 

Witwer, Charles L. 
Sergeants 

Baker, Otto E. 

Bowers, George B. 

Boyle, John 

Brandon, Henry 

Callahan, Arthur F. 

Cooper, Jack P. 

Cresse, Charles J. 

Ferry, Charles T. 

Fleming, George D. 

Glenn, Thomas H, Jr. 

Greene, Frank L. 

Hammond, Jay W. 

Hoffman, William A. 

LeBoutillier, Henry W. 

Leech, Gordon 

McLaughlin, George J. 

MacMillan, Ernest H. 



Sergeants 

Mirkil, Harold H. 

O'Day, John B. 

Paskey, Anthony J. 

Rohland, Louis O. 

Schillinger, John L. 

Sessions, Benjamin F. 

Sherwood, Lewis 

Sibley, Francis L. 

Stanger, Charles S. 

Stief, David R. 

Straub, Ralph 

Wagner, Charles M. 

Williams, Paul A. 

Wilkins, Walter C, Jr. 
Corporals 

Bartlett, James H. 

Burns, William 

Chew, Earl O. 

Heenan, Edward A. 

Houseman, Charles M. 

Metz, Constantine L. 

Moore, Willard B. 

Stierlen, Henry E. 

Thompson, Harry B. 

Tucker, Frank L. 
Cooks 

Angel, James J. 

Baldwin, Russel C. 

Barber, Paul M. 

Caulfield, Edward J. 

Clanet, Phillippe 

DeShields, William L., 
Jr. 

Englekraut, George 

Fergues, Joseph 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 233 



Cooks 

Foster, George T. 

Kallenbach, Paul E. 

Noble, Bayard 

Sheain, Louis V. 
Wagoner 

McDonough, John C. 
Privates, 1st Class 

Armstrong, Nelson, Jr. 

Bache, Franklin, Jr. 

Barrett, Thomas L. 

Berg, Teddy 

Bischoff, John P. 

Black, Robert 

Borie, Sewell W. J. 

Bradley, Hiram L. 

Brown, Harold G. 

Brown, Harry V. 

Buchanan, William C. 

Bull, Donald L. 

Calloway, William B. 

Campbell, Charles R. 

Chaitt, William 

Chalk, Frank T. 

Chapman, Samuel H., Jr. 

Cheston, James 4th 

Clark, William J. 

Crossing, Cecil W. T. 

Crowell, Francis J. 

Daubenspeck, Authur B. 

Daugherty, Arthur 

DeRitis, Francis J. 

Derr, George R. 

Dilkes, Harry P., id 

Ellis, George J. 

Fali on, Frank J. 

Fennelly, Walter J. 



Private 1st Class 
Filer, Wilber 
Fine, John H., Jr. 
Foreman, Jacob 
Garrett, Henry L. 
Harbolt, Samuel N. 
Hartshorne, Charles 
Haslett, William C. 
Hathaway, Nathaniel, 

Jr. 
Haussler, Dana O. 
Hedges, John 
Heulings, Howard N. 
Hoffman, Fenno 
Hoge, Thomas R. 
Horn, William A. 
Horstick, Walter K. 
Jabaut, Seward W. 
Jackson, William 
Johnson, Albert D., Jr. 
Kendall, Louis D. 

KlRKBRIDE, MYREN D. 

Kuhns, John 
Layman, Andrew J. 
MacMillan, John C. 
MacMurray, Thomas 
Marren, John A. 
Miller, John A. 
Milligan, John K. 
Moore, Robert W. 
Oberholtzer, Charles H. 
O'Brien, Patrick F. 
Ponsford, Walter W. 
Rogers, John W. 
Relnewitch, Joseph J. 
Shipley, Morris S. 
Shortall, Joseph P. 



234 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



Privates, ist Class 

Smith, William B. 

Stephens, John A. 

Stoddart, Joseph T. 

Strain, Joseph L. 

Tate, John P. 

Till, Rex 

Timm, Frank C. 

Turlington, Jesse E. 

Turner, Gildon E. 

VanVliet, Morris E. 

Wack, John J. 

Ward, Ralph 

Wright, Arthur P. 
Privates 

Allwine, John A. 

Anderson, Andrew B. 

Anderson, Russell O. 

Beiswanger, Frederick J. 



Benemi, John 
Budge, Herbert 
Conrey, John T. 
Donovan, John J. 
Dusseau, Edward E. 
Frymyer, Guy 
Gould, Clarence D. 
Gunthrop, William P., 

Jr. 
Hartnett, Frederick W. 
Johnson, Nathan A. 
McLeed, John B. 
Thompson, Fred H. 
Thompson, Robert H., Jr. 
Toomey, John R. 
Townsend, Willard N. 
Vizner, John W. 
Wilson, Walter H. 
Wingler, Frank J. 



NURSES WHO RETURNED WITH THE UNIT 



Major Arthur Newlin, M. C, U. S. A., Commanding 
Margaret A. Dunlop, Chief Nurse 



Adams, Lillian 
Ager, Charlotte 
Andrews, Martha 
Austin, Emma M. 
Baird, Annie 
Bartlett, Mrs. Ella B. 
Beck, Nell R. 
Bell, Sarah C. 
Benton, Mary V. 
Black, Selena 
Blessing, Bertha G. 
Brown, Mary E. 
Burke y, Florence M. 
Byer, Mary C. 
Carr, Rebecca J. 
Carter, Helen C. 
Cole, Clara L. 
Conery, Martha C. 
Dailey, Mrs. Sarah C. 
Dardenne, Angele 
Dawson, Estelle L. 
Detwiler, Sara 
Eden, Mrs. Marie C. 
Edwards, Katharine 
Edwards, Leta 
Eckman, Elizabeth 
Elliot, Bertha 
Ellis, Harriet 
Faunce, Amanda D. 



Fidler, Sara 
French, Elizabeth 
Fretz, Ida E. 
Fuhrmann, Amina 
Gage, Mrs. Helen L. 
Garverich, Helena 
Gerhard, Eva 
Gorrell, Nell 
Grissinger, Olive M. 
Hanson, Ada L. 
Hendrickson, Georgia E. 
Hobbs, Ellen J. 
Hodgson, Mary H. 
Hollings, Clara 
Holmes, Lizzie 
Hood, Anna L. 
Kleibscheidel, Utie 
Kreamer, Elimina 
Krumanocker, Lucy 
Krumanocker, Ruth 
Laird, Anna 
Lloyd, Imogene D. 
Lofgren, Elma 
McClelland, Helen G. 
McIntosh, Rosalie 
MacNeal, Jane C. 
McCombe, Margaret 
McElhenney, Anna M. 
McElheney, Maliss 



235 



236 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 



McNichol, Susan 
Malcolm, Ethel 
Martin, Mrs. Mary M. 
Mast, Lucile 
Metz, Bessie 
Miller, Elsie B. 
Murphy, Anna D. 
Obenchain, Edna 
O'Brien, Estelle W. 
O'Neill, Elizabeth 
Potter, Emma E. 
Powell, Elizabeth 
Ralston, Alice H. 
Rambo, Leslie 
Ravenel, Julia J. 
Reading, Romano 
Replogle, Effie 
Robelen, Caroline 
Rodgers, Mary L. 
Shortsleeves, Mary 
Silvernell, Elizabeth G. 



Smith, Addie 
Smith, Gertrude 
Smith, Helen 
Smith, May H. 
Smith, S. Annabel 
Swartz, Ida M. 
Stambaugh, Isabelle 
Tait, Elizabeth M. 
Tomlinson, Ella H. 
Updyke, Alyda 
Voris, Sara L. 
Wagner, Florence E. 
White, Mabel A. 
Whitman, Irene 
Williams, Hazel 
Woltemate, Caroline K. 
Zerbe, Mina 
Zimmerman, Ada 
Bettman, Florence (Dietitian) 
Krumbhaar, Mrs. Helen D. 
(Civilian Employee) 



MEMBERS OF ORIGINAL UNIT WHO DID 
NOT RETURN WITH THE UNIT 



Bleloch, James C. 
Brown, Marlyn 
Carpenter, Joseph G. 
Carroll, John M. 
Chambers, David, Jr. 
Clarke, Fred. 
Cochran, Jerrold S. 
Crider, Paul M. 
Dannehower, William F. 
Dejean, Frank 

DlFFENDAL, JOSEPH B. 

Dochney, Frank X. 
Dooley, Daniel J. 
Downs, Stephen W. 
Droughman, Mark A. 
Dunham, Frank P. 
Fox, Elmer E. 
Gerhart, Henry L. 
Greer, Francis C. 
Gurley, Richard H. 
Hagenbuck, Joseph S. 

Wright, 



Hamilton, Irwin 
Hay, Kenneth B. 
Halloway, John W. 
Hurd, Fritz D. 
Jones, Herbert L. 
Grigg, Harold M. 
Knapp, William C. 
LeClereq, Jack C. 
MacLachlan, James 
McCormick, Russell C. 
Nichols, Ernest H. 
Pancoast, Charles E. 
Pack, John F., Jr. 
Powell, Charles F. 
Price, Ferris L. 
Ramsey, Lawrence M. 
Schwartz, William L. 
Sheldon, Charles H. 
Silvernail, Clarke H. 
Sullivan, Gerald J. 
Thomas, John W. 
Howard G. 



237 



SUPPLEMENTARY PERSONNEL WHO JOINED 
THE UNIT SEPT., 917, WHO DID NOT 
RETURN WITH THE UNIT 



Bollinger, J. Guy 
Calvert, Raymond H. 
Cronne, Ernest E. 
DuMarais, Maurice B. 
Farmer, Fred. 



Lee, Valentine B., Jr. 
MacKay, John R. 
Price, E. Melville 
Rogers, Mathew J. 
Rocap, Reed 



NURSES DETACHED FROM UNIT TO REMAIN 
WITH THE A. E. F. JAN., 1919 



Albright, Carrie S. 
Anderson, Sara 
Bevelander, Grace W. 
Beatty, Larraine 
Dunlop, Beatrice 
Gault, Jennie 
Groben, Gertrude I. 
Groom, Mildred 
Hartman, Stella 
Hershberger, Florence 
Inman, Nellie C. 

Whiteside, 



McCafferty, Margaret 
Maxwell, Jane C. 
Meister, Olive 
Moore, Edith M. 
Platt, Hazel 
Powell, Margaret 
Price, Kathryn 
Richards, Sophie 
Rogers, Mary J. 
Safford, Elsie M. 
Wallace, Zilla M. 
Florence 



CIVILIAN EMPLOYES WHO REMAINED WITH 
THE A. E. F. 

Harter, Ruth Farrell, Katharine G. 



238 



LABORATORY OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 16, LE TREPORT 

ACCORDING to the Red Cross requirements for 
a five-hundred bed hospital, Drs. Cruice, Cloud 
and Krumbhaar were assigned to the labora- 
tory service and had opportunity to discuss organiza- 
tion at the preliminary meetings. The laboratory equip- 
ment, through the foresight of the director and the 
broadminded generosity of A. H. Thomas & Co., had 
not only been prepared in thirty odd packing cases 
with itemized invoices, but actually bought at cost 
price by the Base Hospital organization several months 
before the call to active service. To cover all possible 
contingencies duplicate oil, gas and electric apparatus 
had. been prepared in separate boxes, in case the unit 
should be ordered to localities in which only one of 
these modes of heating was available. The advantage 
of this method was shown several months later in 
France when we were able to send for a few cases con- 
taining special apparatus not available over there. At 
the last moment the bulk of the equipment was left 
behind when information was received that we were 
to go to a hospital already fully equipped. The only 

239) 



2 4 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

apparatus taken with us was a microscope, Mackenzie 
polygraph, blood counting apparatus, and a water- 
driven centrifuge supplied by Dr. Cruice. 

On arrival at Le Treport, it was found that the 
laboratory was a small "tin hut" exactly 12 ft. square, 
presided over by one medical officer and an orderly 
who had been a Turkish bath attendant before the war. 
In his 18 months service, however, he had been taught 
the various laboratory procedures, even including such 
complicated methods as the Dreyer test and the identi- 
fication of dysentery and other organisms. His work 
had been so thoroughly mastered that the pathologist 
found it necessary to spend only a few hours daily in 
the laboratory and was able to undertake a great 
variety of other activities. The isolation division for 
contagious diseases at that time supplied much more 
work than all the rest of the hospital, where very few 
routine laboratory tests were requested. Autopsies were 
rare and usually done by the officer in charge of the case. 

On account of the dearth of medical officers, Drs. 
Cruice and Cloud were both assigned to the Medical 
Division, but Mrs. Krumbhaar, one of the four civilian 
employees, and W. B. Smith, a second year medical 
student, were detailed to assist the pathologist. During 
the two weeks that elapsed before the departure of the 
British pathologist, all three members of the staff ap- 
plied themselves to acquiring the laboratory methods 
there in use, especially those developed by the British 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 241 

during the war. The Dreyer method of diagnosing the 
typhoid group of organisms in the inoculated by a 
series of quantitative agglutination tests and the typing 
of meningococci, required long practice before confi- 
dence was felt in the results obtained: in fact, in the 
former case an investigation into the findings obtained 
in healthy inoculated enlisted men was undertaken 
partly to acquire greater familiarity and accuracy with 
this method.* Shortly after our arrival, our request 
that the laboratory be enlarged was granted by the 
British authorities, so that within three months our 
space was more than doubled by the addition of a 
second room 12 ft. square for the orderlies, with an 
adjoining shed for storage and sterilizing purposes. As 
by this time our staff had been increased to five, the 
enlargement was a welcome relief, especially in segrega- 
ting the noise of the autoclave and the conversation of 
the British and American orderlies. According to the 
new plan, the medical officer and the technician-secre- 
tary occupied the original room where all the micro- 
scopic diagnostic work, histology and recording was 
performed. In the new orderlies' room specimens were 
collected, media prepared, gross pathological examina- 
tions made, museum specimens prepared by Smith and 
Jabaut, and miscellaneous chemical work done by 
Sergeant LeBoutillier. The new building, like the old, 
was made of galvanized iron lined with one layer of 
*This was later published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. 

16 



242 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

wood with many windows. The lighting was good, but 
wind, rain and dirt came plentifully through the cracks 
to the detriment of apparatus, records and bacterio- 
logical sterility. Frozen pipes were not uncommon, but 
the very efficient stoves kept the upper half of the build- 
ing sufficiently warm during the daytime. 

With the arrival of reenforcements in August, an- 
other medical officer, Lieut. Cunningham, and another 
orderly, Le Boutillier, were detailed to assist the original 
staff of three. This increase also allowed the labora- 
tory staff occasionally to help the other divisions in 
time of great military activity. On Cunningham's de- 
parture a few weeks later, to No. 3 Gen. Hosp., his 
place was taken by Dr. Cloud, who soon familiarized 
himself with the many details of laboratory technique 
and for almost a year gave invaluable assistance in all 
branches of the laboratory work. When his services 
were again needed on the Medical Division, he was 
replaced by Dr. Nolan, who continued with us until 
the Mobile Unit was formed in October. By this time 
the orderlies under Sergeant Le Boutillier (Jabaut hav- 
ing replaced W. B. Smith shortly before) had acquired 
such familiarity with details that another officer was 
not considered necessary, and a third orderly, Stevens, 
was detailed to the laboratory for the rest of our stay. 

In the Spring of 19 18 our customary routine was 
interrupted by the successful German offensive against 
Amiens. Following orders to be prepared for immediate 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 243 

evacuation, the entire laboratory equipment was packed 
and removed from the laboratory and opportunity to 
divert one's mind from the depressing communiques 
for almost three weeks was thereby removed. Shortly 
after activities had been fully resumed, routine was 
again shaken by the outbreak of an epidemic of diph- 
theria in two American divisions (35th and 33d) that 
had just arrived for training in the neighborhood. Al- 
ready working "to capacity," we had insufficient time 
and material to cope with the hundreds of extra throat 
cultures that arrived daily. A special messenger was 
sent to Paris for test tubes, however, and we "carried 
on" until the Adviser in Pathology brought a Canadian 
Mobile Laboratory from the front to cope with the 
temporary difficulty. An emergency laboratory was 
set up in a barber shop in the neighboring town of Eu, 
and the epidemic soon brought under control. 

By the courtesy of the British Medical Service, the 
privilege was extended to us shortly after our arrival 
of collecting material for a museum collection of Mili- 
tary Pathology. Over two hundred wet and dry speci- 
mens were gathered from autopsies and operative 
material, and later presented by the Unit to the Mutter 
Museum of the College of Physicians, where they are 
now on exhibition. After preparation in the laboratory, 
the specimens were shipped from time to time by ambu- 
lance trains to the Royal College of Surgeons in London, 
where they were well cared for and later forwarded to 



244 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

us through the kindness of Prof. Arthur Keith. In 
times of stress, the material was always more abundant 
than could properly be handled; but its more leisurely 
preparation during periods of inactivity, together with 
the pursuit of various special investigations, permitted 
steadier work than was possible in other divisions of 
the hospital. 

A small working library, consisting of some 20 or 30 
text books (with an equal number in the officers' mess) 
and various medical journals, was gradually accumu- 
lated. The Lancet, the British Medical Journal, the 
Medical Supplement and various war manuals were 
supplied by the British Medical Service; the Journal of 
the American Medical Association by Drs. Norris and 
Knowles; the Journal of Experimental Medicine and the 
Journal of Medical Research by Dr. Krumbhaar; War 
Medicine by the Red Cross; and numerous other jour- 
nals at irregular intervals by the A. E. F. These 
were not infrequently consulted by Medical Officers 
from the other hospitals as well as by our own Med- 
ical Officers. Standing between the messes and the 
wards, the laboratory and its surrounding lawn of- 
fered a good meeting ground for discussion, and al- 
though this was not always limited to professional 
topics, it was of considerable use as a clearing house 
for opinions. The relative advantages of the Carrel- 
Dakin method and Dichloramin-T, the value of exci- 
sion of wounds and primary suture, the best anti-menin- 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 245 

gococcus serum, how land hockey should be played — 
these are some of the topics that come to mind after 
two years. A visit to the wards was the happy and not 
infrequent result of such discussions. During slack times 
special duties were made on the organisms of gas 
gangrene, on the bacterial flora of wounds, and on 
laboratory control for the publications of Drs. Sweet 
and Hodge on Dichloramin-T. Other studies resulted 
in the following publications from the laboratory: 
"Pyogenic Diplococcus occurring in Skin Infections" 
(Military Surgeon, '18, 42, 502); "Repeated Agglutina- 
tion Tests by Dreyer Method in Diagnosis of Enteric 
in Inoculated Persons" (Jour. Infec. Dis.' 18, 03,126); 
"Meningococci Septicemia and Endocarditis" (J. A. 
M. A., '18, 71, 2144); "Month of Influenza at Base 
Hospital in France" (Med. Rec. '19, 95, 594); "Blood 
and Bone Marrow in Gas Poisoning; Peripheral Blood 
Changes" (J. A. M. A., '19, 72, 39); "Ibid.: Bone 
Marrow Changes" (Jour. Med. Research, '19, 40, 497). 
The laboratory equipment left by our predecessors 
supplemented by that which we brought with us and 
occasional purchases in London and Paris, proved suffi- 
cient to pursue all routine and research work attempted. 
Glassware, media and other necessities were always sup- 
plied on requisition from the B. E. F. Base Medical 
Depots, and great benefit was derived from the "stand- 
ard" cultures and sera, and special media supplied 
directly from the R. A. M. C, the Lister Institute and 



246 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

Oxford Department of Pathology. The ever-ready 
advice and the frequent visits of the Advisers in Path- 
ology, Sir William Leishman and Col. Cummings, were 
much appreciated. 



A. D. M. S. DIEPPE AREA. D83/13/17 

O. C, 

16 (Phila., U. S. A.) General Hospital. 

NOTES OF INSPECTION OF NO. 16 (PHILADELPHIA, 
U. S. A.) GENERAL HOSPITAL. BY THE ASSISTANT DI- 
RECTOR OF MEDICAL SERVICES. DIEPPE AREA ON 
30.1 1. 17. 

The general state of the hospital was very creditable to all con- 
cerned. The treatment, comfort, and general welfare of the 
patients, is apparently well attended to. 

The Dispensary, Stewards Stores, Linen Stores, etc., were all in 
good order, and the contents accurately accounted for. 

The personnel made a smart appearance on parade, their kitchen 
was in excellent order, and their messing arrangements quite 
satisfactory. 

Treport. Sd/H. D. Rowan, Colonel. 

2. 1 2. 1 7. A. D. M. S., Dieppe. 

HIGH COMMISSIONER New Zealand Government Offices, 
for NEW ZEALAND. Strand, London, W. C. 2. 

7th December, 19 17. 
Dear Sir, 

A New Zealand soldier has informed me of the excellent atten- 
tion he and his comrades have received at your hospital, and has 
spoken especially warmly of the services of the Nursing Sisters, 
who have often purchased additional comforts for our men. I 
thought I would send this short note to you expressing my great 
appreciation, and I should be much obliged if you would accept 
and convey my thanks to those members of your staff who have 
been so good to our soldiers. 

Yours very truly, 

(Sg) Thos. MacKenzie. 
O. C No. 16, Gen. Hosp., B. E. F., 

France 

247 



AN INDEX OF THE UNIT 

OR 

WHO'S WHO IN THE OFFICERS' MESS 

A Poetical Effusion read at the Nurses' Thanksgiving Day Party, 
November 191 8 

J\ stands for Arthur, young Gerhard by name 
Whose heart is too large for the Unit's good fame, 
If he had his way, every Tommy who's here, 
To Blighty would go, ere the end of the year. 



B 



stands for Bill, "Uncle Bill" being meant, 
Who holds down Ward 12 with terrific intent. 
Tea is served at all hours; drop in, you'll be glad 
You'll find in addition good grub there, by Gad ! 

v-' stands for Chambers, our good Registrar, 
Who to what he don't like, applies feathers and tar. 
Whose soft, soothing manner, whose sweet, dulcet tone, 
And whose picturesque language cannot be outshone. 

\^y stands for Bill — Cad, who's Chief of our Mess 
Whom, when things go badly, we all of us bless. 
He'll change diagnoses from "shell shock" to "sick" 
While Chambers just sputters, his tongue gets so thick. 

LJ stands for Dillard, who's known far and near 
For his fine manners, tennis and his ways with a "dear;" 
But please to remember, tho it may seem hard, 
That at good Lady Murray's, he known as Dillard. 

249 



250 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

SI/ stands for Eddie, the slippery, the beau, 

The pride of our Unit, whom all of us know. 

He's a sight for the Gods when he's dressed up to "kill," 

When he goes out to dance, or to dine "Uncle Bill." 

l stands for Flick, genial Johnny he's called, 
He made a great hit, tho he nearly got stalled 
Down at Number Three Gen'ral, by working so late. 
That was one thing they did not appreciate. 

\J stands for Gibbon, our great raconteur 
Who can tell you more stories than ever I'd dare 
To repeat in mixed company, 'specially here 
When a "double entendre" s'not allowed too appear. 

jn stands for Harte, whom we know and revere, 
To whose Labor we owe it, that we're over here. 
Not back in" the States," tuning up for the dance 
Instead of at Treport in warm, sunny France. 

1 stands for Innocence, no one could doubt 

For a moment which one of our Mess to pick out, 

To fill all the requisites, hereby implied 

Like a flash, we would all on Bill Drayton decide. 

J stands for Jefferys, our Padre, so dear, 

I don't have to ask you to give him a cheer 

For he carries it with him where'er he doth go 

As the "Boys" and the "Sisters" and all of us know. 

Also J stands for Jack, of Chivalrous renown, 
Who takes up the gauntlet ere it is thrown down. 
Who don't like remarks made by bachelors bold, 
— But the rest of this story had best not be told. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 251 

J\. stands for Krumbhaar; we've two in our store 
And I'm sure you'll agree, that we wish we had more. 
For they've done their duty, done more than they should, 
Or to put it quite tersely, they've more than "made good." 

J\. stands for Knowles, a Lieutenant as yet 

But who as they tell me, is willing to bet, 

That he'IIs soon be a Captain proud, wearing two bars 

And that ere the War's over, he'll be sporting stars. 

JL/ stands for Laney, please prefix D E 
And you have our C. O., whom we all like to see, 
When he's not on "inspection" tours, prowling around, 
To see what in stoves, pots and pans can be found. 

1VI stands for Mitchell, what more need I state, 
We love his bland smile and his dear old bald pate. 
He's Vaux's "old woman," they quarrel all night 
As those who lodge near them, to know, "have a right." 



N 



stands for Newlin, the steady and staid, 
Whom, when we are sick, we all turn to for aid. 
He lodges with Cruice, and has torn out his hair 
For the snoring of John, it has been his despair. 

11 stands for Norris, of whom it is said 

The "Division Chief" business has quite turned his head. 

He's so feeble of mind that he cannot decide 

To wear his hair parted, at middle, or side. 



O 



stands for Outerbridge: Perfectly clear 
He's an expert at finding a flea in an ear, 
But strangely enough when it comes to a blouse, 
He can't for the life of him get out the louse. 



252 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 

1 stands for Packard — man of tasks manifold, 
As A and D Chief, he a record doth hold. 
He gives anesthetics, cuts tonsils away. 
And is writing a hist'ry for some future day. 

Val stands for Quitters — we've none in the fold, 

At least this opinion thus far, seems to hold. 

The chicks we are told should resemble the hen, 

And they don't grow that kind back at home at old Penn. 

I\. stands for "Roue," of course you all know 

Of that terrible "Sport" who his wild oats does sow. 

I hear that at Abbeville — 'tis whispered aloud — 

They say he raised Hell there — that young fellow Cloud. 

Iv too stands for Roberts, whose long curly hair 
Was once as we noted, the C. O.'s despair. 
He had it cut short, and I truly may state 
That by the so-doing, he greatly lost weight. 

O stands for Sweet, whom we all like to see, 
Making rainbows and halos with Chloramine-T. 
He's been made a Major by those who know best 
As a fitting reward for or was it a jest? 

1 stands for Taylor, of correct etiquette 
Who, on questions of "Uniforms" settles the bet. 
He has ordered his spurs and will wear them you'll see 
When he clanks down the ward — after dressings — for tea. 

\J stands for Upholsterer, Earnshaw we hail 
Who spends half his time with a hammer and nail; 
And when he gets hard up for something to do, 
Will sit up all night and drive pegs in a shoe. 



PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 253 

V stands for Vaux: Handsome lad, and a "dear," 
His patients all love him, but really I fear 
The contagion is spreading, to others nearby, 
Since he went off on "leave," No. 4's one great sigh. 

W for Wilmer, who holds many jobs down. 
In a ward he's a "Chief," in a "Show" he's a clown. 
He runs round the camp with the speed of a bomb 
And has well earned the sobriquet — Peeping Tom. 

J\. stands for Exit, and Kidwell I hear 
Is going to "beat it," with never a tear. 
Disguised in a moustache, he's going away 
Perhaps with some other fair damsel to play. 

1 is a symbol which represents here 
Certain ones of our Unit who do not appear, 
So gifted with vices, with foibles so small 
That we haven't as yet, classified them at all. 

Ju stands for the end of this silly tirade 
And bespeaks your indulgence for what has been said; 
While the author retreats and draws in his horns, 
And freely begs pardon for treading on corns. 

My Alphabet, it has run out, tho there is more to tell 
And others in the Unit who deserve a "roasting," well. 
Alas my Muse, she went on strike and ran off like a streak 
When of the Sisters' Mess it was suggested she should speak. ] 



Paul B. Hoeber 

67-69 East 59TH Street 

New York 



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